AIDS Ch 3
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Blood | a system of circulating cells and fluids that carries out many important functions for the body
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| Functions of blood | transport of nutrients and oxygen to the body tissues, elimination of waste products and carbon dioxide from tissues, would repair and protection from infection by foreign agents.
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| Plasma | the cell-free fluid portion of blood
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| Serum | obtained from isolated blood by letting it stand and clot
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| Virus | small subcellular agents
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| Bacteria | small, single-cell microrgs, which have relatively simple genetic material
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| Examples of bacteria induced things | Tuberculosis and typhoid fever
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| Protozoa | single-cell microrgs that contain ore complicated genetic structures.
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| Examples of protozoa | amoebas and Giardia
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| Fungi | more complex microrgs that may exist as single cells or maybe organized into simple multicellular orgs
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| Example of fungi | yeasts and molds
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| Multicellular parasites | relatively large orgs such as roundworms and tapeworms
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| Three kinds of blood vessels | arteries, veins, and capillaries
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| Arteries function | carry blood away from the heart to the body tissues
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| Veins' function | carrys blood back to the heart from the tissues
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| Capillaries | thin-walled vessels in the tissues that connect the arteries with the veins, allow exchange of oxygen, nutrients and wastes betw the blood and tissues
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| Cells life span | 1-2 days or sev weeks, therefore must be continually replenished
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| stem cells | in bone marrow; replenish cells
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| What do stem cells first develop into? | commited precursors which either divide or differentiate into mature blood cells of a particular kind
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| Growth factors | needed for stem cells or committed pre to divide or differentiate
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| Ex of growth factor | interleukin 2 IL2 required by T lymphs
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| Red blood cells, erythrocytes | many, only single cell type;
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| Function of red blood cells | carry oxygen to the tissues and carbon dioxide away from them;
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| Hemoglobin | binds and carries oxygen and carbon dioxide within them. Gives blood red color.
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| white blood cells, leukocytes | fewer in number; several types
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| Megakaryoctyes | large white blood cells tha bud off subcellular fragments called platelets.
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| Platelets | circulate thru bloodstream and cause a clot if there is a break in blood vessel (wound repair)
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| Lymphocytes | respond to a specific foreign agent of substance or antigens
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| Cells that are not specific for the foreign agent they attack | phagocytes, mast cells, eosinophils, and natural killer cells
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| Phagocytes | cells that attack and eliminate foreign cells or bacteria by engulfing or eating them
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| 2 kinds of phagocytes | macrophages and neutrophils
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| Macrophages | generally attack and engulf cells infected with viruses
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| Neutrophil | generally attack foreign bacteria
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| Function of mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils | Attack infectious agents that are too large to be engulfted by a single blood cell e.g protozoa and worms
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| Antibodies | bind to the foreign agent in a specific fashion which tells phagocytes, mast or eosino to attack.
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| Antigen | a molecule or sub against which lymphocytes raise a response
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| B-lymphocytes | secrete soluble proteins called antibodies into the ciculatory system
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| Neutralizing antibodies | bind directly and inhibit the funtion of infectious agents such as viruses
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| T lymphocytes | make proteins (receptors) that recognize specific antigens. T do not release receptors, therefore T cell binds, not just receptor.
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| T Killer, cytotoxic | directly bind to cells carrying a foreign antigen
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| T helper | interact with B lymph or T killer and help them respond to antigens; CD4
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| Natural killer cells | attacks and kill virus-infected cells and tumor cells
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