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UT Southwestern - Human Behavior - Human Development (with help from rbxbrown)

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
        Help!  

What is Spitz's definition of development?   show
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show Secure attachment  
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show Genetically predetermined developmental changes  
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What is one example of a type of biological maturation?   show
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What is the definition of Epigenesis?   show
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show A period of time in which a developmental stage must occur, otherwise it had a very low chance of occuring  
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What is the definition of Regression?   show
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What is Phase Specific Behavior?   show
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show Emotional engagement is a required precursor to healthy development.  
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Why do babies need a consistent caregiver?   show
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show Harlow. 1) Tactile stimulation impt't, 2) Total isolation when a baby-> apathy & abuse of offspring, 3) Critical Period (3 months)  
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show Spitz. Babies changed personality, stopped development, became ill (3 month critical period)  
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show 1. Protest, 2. Passive Grief/Dejection, 3. Deep Emotional Detachment; Signs of attachment - smile, confidence, curiosity  
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show 1. Rooting, 2. Grasping, 3. Moro (throws out arms/legs/head to a startling sound/movement)  
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Assuming infants are hardwired to attach, what cues to they innately pay attention to?   show
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What are the Asocial Phases of Attachment?   show
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show 4-6 weeks. Usually a response to needs being met (e.g. seeing any human face)  
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show 7 months. baby dislikes non-caregiver. "Abandonment" calamity.  
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What are Freud's Calamities of Life?   show
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show 12 months. baby must be close to caregiver to feel secure. Blankie, thumb sucking, peek-a-boo, jack-in-the-box help baby adjust.  
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show 1) distressed, happy 2a) anxious, ambivalent 2b) anxious, avoidant; insecure response => development problems  
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What are secure vs. insecure responses to Ainsworth's Strange Situation Procedure?   show
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Define attunement:   show
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How frequently do mothers miss a baby's needs?   show
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What happens when a mother does not repair a lack of attunement to her baby?   show
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show DA, endogenous opioids  
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Which brain regions show more synaptic growth in secure infants?   show
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Which brain region involved in social functioning is underactive in adopted Romanian children?   show
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show Secure had a rise in CORT that returns to normal in 15 min. Insecure had CORT remain high for 24 hours.  
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What is the Belief Desire Theory?   show
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What are Erikson's polarities that define human development?   show
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At what age is it important to secure dangerous items from an infant's reach?   show
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What motor landmarks characterize toddlers?   show
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What cognitive state are toddlers in?   show
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When does object constancy develop?   show
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show Self Constancy (baby rubs rouge off its cheek after seeing it in a mirror). Toddler stage.  
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show Positive Reinforcement  
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show 18 months. Still cannot identify other kids' genders.  
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What is Erickson's 2nd polarity and when does it occur?   show
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What is the fear of lost love and when does it occur?   show
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Define the significance of "negativity" in the toddler   show
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show Get better muscular coordination, axons get myelinated (so toilet training can be accomplished).  
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Relate the phases of separation/individuation   show
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show mental representation of themselves  
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Define the concept of "other"   show
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show Mahler: mental representation of another person separate from self, Piaget: mental representation of an object  
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Define the concept of "gender identity"   show
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Describe two dangers connected to the toddler's lack of control of aggression   show
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What are cognitive characteristics of preschool children?   show
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show (2-7 years) Symbolic Function, Concrete Thinking, Egocentrism, Animism, Artificialism, Cannot reason w/Verbal Prepositions, Why questions, Inability to Conserve Mass, 1 class at a time, Irreversibility, Conscience internalized  
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show Child centers on one aspcet of an object  
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What is egocentrism?   show
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show Thinking that everything that moves is alive and has thoughts  
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What is Artificialism?   show
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When do children start to ask unlimited "Why" Questions?   show
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When do children believe that everything falls into a unique discrete category?   show
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When do children desire an intimate relationship withthe parent of the opposite sex?   show
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How should you refer to genitalia when speaking to a 2-7 year old?   show
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show Curious as a preschooler, but don't understand until 10  
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Report on the secual curiosity and sexual play of preschoolers   show
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Define Erikson's phase for preschoolers   show
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List the characteristics of the grade school child   show
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show 10  
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show Development of the conscience, friendships, peer groups, cognitive development  
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show Build network of friends, mastering activities completes Erikson's industry vs. inferiority  
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Report on the expression of sexuality during the grade school years   show
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Report on Erikson's polarities of the grade school years   show
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show Dependent upon socioeconomic status, quality of life, technological ability (higher means longer adolescence).  
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show Develop sense of identity, sexual relationships, independence from parents  
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show Identity vs. Role Confusion  
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show Lack of the following indicates role diffusion: guilt and concern, non-exploitive relations, deepening set of values  
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List typical characteristics of early adolescence   show
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Report on the functions of peer relatoinships and friendships in adolescence   show
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show Picking on, narcissistic, dating, shared happiness, premature sex, disrupt parental dynamics  
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What is the superego and at what stage does it become apparent?   show
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Define conscience   show
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What are Kohlberg's first two stages of the development of the conscience?   show
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What are Kohlberg's second two stages of the development of the conscience?   show
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show represents a set of ideal standards against which the individual measures his/her worth  
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What are Erikson's polarities of young adulthood?   show
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show Develop to give to child, meet external pressures, resolve internal motives  
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show Normative crisis (questioning adequacy), survival growth theme, supportive matrix, identity reorganization theme  
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Report on the tasks and conflicts around work for the young adult   show
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What are some common relationship problems for young adults?   show
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Define the role of friendships and play in young adulthood   show
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show Healthy couples: 1) Have fun together 2) Enjoy activities together 3) Affectionate non-/erotically 4) Listen 5) Empathetic 6) Able to explore feelings  
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show 0-2 sensorimotor, 2-7 Preoperational, 7-11 Concrete Operations, 11-? Formal Operations  
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What characterizes Piaget's Sensorimotor Stage?   show
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What characterizes Piaget's Concrete Operations stage of development?   show
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show Abstract & Deductive Reasoning, Attention to One's Own Thoughts.  
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show Autistic (0-1), Symbiotic (1-5), Differentiation (5-10), Practicing (10-16), Rapprochement (16-24), Consolidation (24-36).  
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show 1-5 months. Social Smile.  
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What characterizes Mahler's Differentiation stage of development?   show
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show 10-16 months. Separation Anxiety.  
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What characterizes Mahler's Rapprochement stage of development?   show
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What characterizes Mahler's Consolidation stage of development?   show
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What are Erikson's Calamities of Life?   show
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At what age do we experience Trust/Mistrust (Erikson)?   show
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show 1-3 years old.  
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At what age do we experience Initiative/Guilt?   show
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At what age do we experience Industry/Inferiority?   show
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At what age do we experience Identity/Role Diffusion?   show
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show Young Adulthood (Erikson).  
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show Generativity/Stagnation (adulthood), Ego Integrity/Despair (maturity)  
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What are Freud's stages of Anxiety (danger situations)?   show
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What are Freud's stages of psychosexual development?   show
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show Normal 6-11 years. Must have appropriateness of place, don't give guilt trips, should not be excessive, or used to self-soothe problems.  
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show 6-11 years.  
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show 6-11 years. Should be no coercion, harm, participation of older children.  
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show School phobia = aversion of attending school. Separation anxiety = fear of leaving the home or caregiver.  
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show 6-11 years  
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What age is characterized by Reality Fantasy (i.e. "switched @ birth")?   show
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What are Kohlberg's ideas regarding the development of conscience (stage 3)?   show
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show 6-11 (Kohlberg's conformity)  
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show 6-11. children not as much "buffeted by instinct"  
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show 1) lack of guilt/concern over aggression/emotion, 2) inability to have non-expoitive realistic relations, 3) shallow undeveloped values  
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When does Menarche occur compared with sperm production?   show
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What are some characteristics of early adolescents?   show
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show 14-16 years. dating, mixed gender friends, dates chosen on personal gain, idealistic romance, boyfriends ~ 2 years older  
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show 17 & up. date x shared happiness, same age partners, pregnancy/anorexia/body-dysmorphic disorder,  
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show Pre-Conventional: 1) Obedience/Punishment. 2) self-interest. Conventional: 3) Good Boy/Nice Girl (conformity), 4) Laws & Rules  
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What is Sullivan's Definition of love?   show
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show Men: shared experiences. Women: shared feelings.  
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What are Daniel N. Stern's themes of motherhood?   show
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show Always thinking of next move in life, pressure on people w/career & family  
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show Kohlberg's stage 4 = laws determine morality. Gilligan = women reach same moral conclusions as men using social relationship justifications instead of societal rules.  
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show Generativity vs. Stagnation  
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Define the concept of body monitoring   show
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show Experience of time changes to beig viewed as time left to live as opposed to time since birth  
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show 1) Generativity (Erikson) concern for next generation. Alternative = stagnation/emotional standstill. 2) Body monitoring, 3) time LEFT to live, 4) peak of career, 5) Introspection  
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show 2 changes: pofessional life & family life  
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What did Levinson posit about the stages of life?   show
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Report on the changes in relationship with adult children durng the middle adult years   show
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What are Brazelton's guidelines for being a good grandparent?   show
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show Peak years, mentoring relationship  
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show Integrity vs. Despair  
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show Sick elderly is a social stereotype, Degenerative changes do occur, but not set age at which these changes occur.  
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show People score same on tests young and old, need more time  
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What are Characteristics of Late Adulthood?   show
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show Healthy relationships, good marriage @ 50, no smoking/booze, happy marriage, exercise, normal weight, education --> healthy aging  
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show unhappy marriage -> 35% increased risk of illness. happy marriage -> live 4 years longer.  
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