Hy - Complete Pharm - One-Liners
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| NSAID contraindicated in gout | Aspirin
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| The selective agents loose their selectivity at | high doses
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| Scabicide organophosphate | Malathion
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| Common side effect of hypnotic agents | Sedation
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| Anti-seizure medication also used in the prevention of migraines | Valproic acid
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| Another pneumonic for anticholinergic toxicity | "dry as a bone, red as a beet, mad as a hatter, hot as a hare, blind as a bat"
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| Clinical response that may fluctuate in tx of Parkinson's dx | "On-off-phenomenon"
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| Antidote used for carbon monoxide poisoning | 100% O2 and hyperbaric O2
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| Usual time needed for full effect of antidepressant therapy | 2 to 3 weeks
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| Period of time of therapy after which GC therapy will need to be tapered | 5-7 days
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| Pyrimidine analog that causes "Thiamine-less death" given with leucovorin rescue | 5-flouracil (5-FU)
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| Analog of hypoxanthine, needs HGPRTase for activation | 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP)
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| Block glycoprotein IIb/IIIa involved in platelet cross-linking | Abciximab, tirofiban and eptifibatide
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| Reason benzos are used cautiously in pregnancy | Ability to cross the placenta
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| Lacrimation, rhinorrhea, yawning, sweating, weakness, gooseflesh, nausea, and vomiting, tremor, muscle jerks, and hyperpnea are signs of this syndrome | Abstinence syndrome
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| Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor associated with elevation of LFT's | Acarbose
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| Examples of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGI) | Acarbose, miglitol
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| Inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) | Ace inhibitors
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| Captopril and enalapril (-OPRIL ending) are | Ace inhibitors
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| These beta blockers are less lipid soluble | Acebutolol and atenolol
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| SelectiveB1 Receptor blockers that may be useful in treating patients with asthma | Acebutolol, atenolol, esmolol, metoprolol
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| This diuretic decreases aqueous secretion due to lack of HCO3- ion. Causes drowsiness and paresthesias, alkalinization of the urine may precipitate calcium salts, hypokalemia, acidosis | Acetazolamide
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| Diuretic used for mountain sickness and glaucoma | Acetazolamide
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| Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor | Acetazolamide
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| Clinical use for H2 blockers | Acid reflux disease, duodenal ulcer and peptic ulcer disease
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| MOA of AGI's | Act on intestine, delay absorption of glucose
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| Adenosine's MOA | Activates acetylcholine sensitive K+ channels in SA and AV node
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| Barbiturates may precipitate this hematologic condition | Acute intermittent porphyria
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| DOC for herpes and its MOA | Acyclovir and inhibits thymidine kinase Acyclovir and inhibits thymidine kinase
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| The most common type of drug interaction of sedative hypnotics with other depressant medications | Additive CNS depression
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| DOC for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) | Adenosine
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| Anti-arrhythmic with 15 second duration of action | Adenosine
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| Neurotoxicity with isoniazid (INH) prevented by | Administration of Vit. B6 (pyridoxine)
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| SE of long term (>5 days) corticosteroid therapy and remedy | Adrenal suppression and weaning slowly, respectively
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| ABVD regimen used for HD, but appears less likely to cause sterility and secondary malignancies than MOPP | Adriamycin (doxorubicin) +bleomycin, vinblastine +dacarbazine
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| MOA for Valproic acid at high doses | Affect calcium, potassium, and sodium channels
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| Strength of interaction between drug and its receptor | Affinity
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| Carbamazepine may cause | Agranulocytosis
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| Short acting Beta 2 agonists that is drug of choice in treatment of acute asthma but not recommended for prophylaxis | Albuterol
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| Agent that is teratogen and causes a fetal syndrome | Alcohol
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| Agent that is the antidote for methanol overdose | Alcohol
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| Rate limiting step of alcohol metabolism | Aldehyde dehydrogenase
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| Agent that metabolize acetaldehyde to acetate | Aldehyde dehydrogenase
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| Available bisphosphonates | Alendronate, etidronate, risedronate, pamidronate, tiludronate, and zoledronic acid
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| Antidote for salicylate intoxication | Alkalinize urine, dialysis
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| MOA of cisplatin | Alkylating agent
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| Some cell cycle non-specific drugs | Alkylating agents (eg., mechlorethamine, cyclophosphamide), antibiotics (doxorubicin, daunorubicin), cisplatin, nitrosourea
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| Drug used concurrently with toxic anticancer agents to reduce renal precipitation of urates | Allopurinol
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| Interaction with this drug requires dose reduction of 6-MP | Allopurinol
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| These agents decrease blood flow or increase blood pressure, are local decongestant, and used in therapy of spinal shock (temporary maintenance of blood pressure which may help maintain perfusion | Alpha1 agonists
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| Benzodiazepines that are the most effective in the treatment of panic disorder | Alprazolam and Clonazepam
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| Prostaglandin used in the treatment impotence | Alprostadil
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| MOA of gold salts | Alter activity of macrophages and suppress phagocytic activity of PMNs
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| DOC for influenza A | Amantadine
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| Enhances dopaminergic neurotransmission SE's include CNS excitation, acute toxic psychosis and livedo reticularis | Amantadine
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| Antidote for tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), streptokinase | Aminocaproic acid
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| Antidote for thrombolytics | Aminocaproic acid
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| Inhibits conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone therefore inhibiting corticosteroid synthesis | Aminoglutethimide
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| Class III antiarrhythmic that exhibits properties of all 4 classes | Amiodarone
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| Antiarrhythmic effective in most types of arrhythmia | Amiodarone
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| TCA used in chronic pain, a hypnotic, and has marked antimuscarinic effects | Amitriptyline
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| Antidepressant associated with neuroleptic malignant syndrome | Amoxapine
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| Cheap wide spectrum antibiotic DOC of otitis media | Amoxicillin
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| Phenylisopropylamines that are used legitimately and abused for narcolepsy, attention deficit disorder, and weight reduction | Amphetamines
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| Tolerance is marked and abstinence syndrome occurs | Amphetamines
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| Phosphodiesterase inhibitors that increase mortality and have been found to have NO beneficial effects | Amrinone and milrinone
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| Losartan and valsartan block | Angiotensin receptor
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| Neurologic SE of benzodiazepines | Anterograde amnesia
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| Four main actions of NSAIDS | Anti-inflammatory, analgesia, antipyretic and antiplatelet activity
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| Acetaminophen only has | Antipyretic and analgesic activity
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| Heparin (PTT) increases activity of | Antithrombin 3
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| SE for Felbamate | Aplastic anemia and acute hepatic failure
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| SE of phenylbutazone | Aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis
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| SE of penicillamine | Aplastic anemia and renal
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| Selective alpha agonists that decreases aqueous secretion | Apraclonidine, brimonidine
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| Primary endogenous substrate for Nitric Oxidase Synthase | Arginine
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| Nitroprusside vasodilates | Arteries and veins
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| Inhibit synaptic activity of primary afferents and spinal cord pain transmission neurons | Ascending pathways
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| Irreversible, nonselective COX inhibitor | Aspirin
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| Agent used to treat MI and to reduce incidence of subsequent MI | Aspirin
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| Cutaneous flush and be reduced by pretreatment with | Aspirin
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| Difference between aspirin and other NSAIDS | Aspirin irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase
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| Drugs used in the management of angina | Aspirin, Nitrates, CCB, and Beta blockers
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| Beta-blockers should be used cautiously in | Asthma (bronchospastic effects), diabetes (block signs of hypoglycemia) and peripheral vascular disease
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| Cardioselective Beta 1-blockers | Atenolol, acebutolol, and metoprolol
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| Agent undergoing Hofmann elimination (breaking down spontaneously) | Atracurium
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| Digoxin is used in | Atrial fibrillation and CHF
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| Treatment of choice for organophosphate overdose | Atropine
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| Produce mydriasis and cycloplegia | Atropine, homatropine tropicamide
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| Antidote used for organophosphate/anticholinesterase poisoning | Atropine, pralidoxime (2-PAM)
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| Endogenous substances commonly interpreted as histamine, serotonin, prostaglandins, and vasoactive peptides | Autocoids
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| HIV med used to reduce transmission during birth | AZT (zidovudine)
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| Lactam that can be used in PCN allergic patients | Aztreonam
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| GABA agonist in the spinal cord | Baclofen
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| Inducers of Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) | Barbiturates, phenytoin, carbamazepine, and rifampin
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| Class II antiarrhythmics are | B-blockers
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| Anti-arrhythmics that decrease mortality | B-blockers
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| Site of action for zaleplon and zolpidem | Benzodiazepine receptor BZ1 (although are not considered benzodiazepines)
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| MOA utilizes ligand gated ion channels | Benzodiazepines and calcium channel blockers
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| Agent decreases the excitatory actions of cholinergic neurons. May improve tremor and rigidity but have LITTLE effect on bradykinesia. Atropine-like side effects | Benztropine
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| Treat manifestations of Parkinson's disease and EPS | Benztropine, trihexyphenidyl
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| Antidote for severe CV toxicity of theophylline | Beta blockers
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| Clinical uses of these agents include treatment of HTN, angina, arrhythmias, and chronic CHF | Beta blockers
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| Toxicity of these agents include bradycardia, AV blockade, exacerbation of acute CHF, signs of hypoglycemia may be masked (tachycardia, tremor, and anxiety) | Beta blockers
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| B-blockers that are more cardioselective | Beta C2001-selective blockers
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| These agents increase blood flow and may be beneficial in treatment of acute heart failure and some types of shock | Beta1 agonists
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| Reduce heart rate, contractility, and O2 demand | Beta-blockers
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| Block cardiac adverse effects of thyrotoxicosis such as tachycardia, inhibits the conversion of T4 to T3 | Beta-blockers such as propranolol
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| Long acting GC's | Betamethasone, dexamethasone, and paramethasone
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| This agent has greater affinity for muscarinic receptors and used for postoperative and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention | Bethanechol
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| Decrease intestinal absorption of cholesterol | Bile acid-binding resins
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| Cholestyramine and colestipol are | Bile acid-binding resins
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| MOA of nystatin | Bind ergosterol in fungal cell membrane
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| The fraction of administered dose of a drug that reaches systemic circulation | Bioavailability (F)
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| SE of both warfarin and heparin | Bleeding
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| Blows DNA (breaks DNA strands), limiting SE is pulmonary fibrosis | Bleomycin
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| Some cell cycle specific anti-cancer drugs | Bleomycin, vinca alkaloids, antimetabolites (eg., 5-FU, 6-MP, methotrexate, etoposide)
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| MOA of penicillin | Block cell wall synthesis by inhibiting peptidoglycan cross-linkage
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| Toxicity of anticholinergics | block SLUD (salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation
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| MOA of local anesthetics (LA's) | Block voltage-dependent sodium channels
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| Vancomycin MOA | Blocks peptidoglycan synthesis
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| SE of demeclocycline | Bone marrow and teeth discoloration for children under 8 years of age
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| SE of beta blockers | Bradycardia, SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION, decrease in HDL, and increase in Triglycerols (TG)
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| Mediator of tissue pain, edema, inactivated by ACE, and may be a contributing factor to the development of angioedema | Bradykinin
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| Peptide causing increased capillary permeability and edema | Bradykinin and histamine
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| Dopamine (DA) agonist (for Parkinson's disease), used also for hyperprolactinemia | Bromocriptine
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| Dopamine agonist used in hyperprolactinemia | Bromocriptine
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| Ergot alkaloid that is a partial agonist at D2 receptors in the brain, used for patients who are refractory or cannot tolerate levodopa, causes erythromelalgia | Bromocriptine
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| Partial opioid agonist, considered a strong analgesic, has a long duration of action and is resistant to naloxone reversal | Buprenorphine
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| Heterocyclic antidepressants least likely to affect sexual performance, used for management of nicotine withdrawal, SE's include dizziness, dry mouth, aggravation of psychosis, and seizures | Bupropion
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| Agent that is a partial agonist for the 5-HT1A receptor | Buspirone
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| Drug of choice for generalized anxiety disorder, NOT effective in acute anxiety | Buspirone
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| Withdrawal from this drug causes lethargy, irritability, and headache | Caffeine
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| Used intranasally and decreases bone resorption | Calcitonin (salmon prep)
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| Used especially in postmenopausal women, dosage should be 1500 mg | Calcium
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| Loops lose and thiazide diuretics retain | Calcium
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| Block L-type calcium channel | Calcium channel blockers
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| MOA of class IV antiarrhythmics | Calcium channel blockers
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| MOA for Ethosuximide | Calcium channels
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| Drug causing depletion of substance P (vasodilator) | Capsaicin
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| Anti-seizure drugs used also for Trigeminal neuralgia | Carbamazepine
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| Anti-seizure agent that induces formation of liver drug-metabolism enzymes, is teratogen and can cause craniofacial anomalies and spina bifida | Carbamazepine
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| Anti-seizure drugs used as alternative drugs for mood stabilization | Carbamazepine, gabapentin, lamotrigine, and valproic acid
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| PCN active against pseudomonas | Carbenicillin, piperacillin and ticarcillin
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| This is combined with L-dopa, inhibits DOPA decarboxylase (active only peripherally) which allows lower effective doses of L-dopa and allows for fewer SE's (GI distress, postural hypotension, and dyskinesias) | Carbidopa
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| Agent similar to cisplatin, less nephrotoxic, but greater myelosuppression | Carboplatin
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| Lithium is associated with this congenital defect | Cardiac anomalies and is contraindicated in pregnancy or lactation
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| Nitrosoureas with high lipophilicity, used for brain tumors | Carmustine (BCNU) and lomustine (CCNU)
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| Reason fluoroquinolones are contraindicated in children and pregnancy | Cartilage damage
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| Agent used in CHF that is a selective alpha and nonselective beta blocker | Carvedilol
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| Cephalosporins able to cross the BBB | Cefixime (2nd) and 3rd generation
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| Drug used for N. gonorrhea in females | Ceftriaxone
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| Cephalosporin causes kernicterus in neonates | Ceftriaxone or cefuroxime
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| Newer NSAIDs that selectively inhibit COX-2 | Celecoxib and rofecoxib
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| Drug that selectively inhibits COX 2 | Celecoxib, valdecoxib, and rofecoxib
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| Class of antibiotics that have 10% cross sensitivity with penicillins | Cephalosporins
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| SE of tPA | Cerebral hemorrhage
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| This agent used to treat dry mouth in Sjögren's syndrome | Cevimeline
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| Readily detected markers that may assist in diagnosis of the cause of a drug overdose include | Changes in heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, body temperature, sweating, bowel signs, and pupillary responses
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| Major SE of bisphosphonates | Chemical esophagitis
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| Drug that causes gray baby syndrome and aplastic anemia | Chloramphenicol
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| Longer acting benzodiazepines used in the management of withdrawal states of alcohol and other drugs | Chlordiazepoxide and Diazepam
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| 1st generation antihistamine that is least sedating | Chlorpheniramine or cyclizine
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| Sulfonylurea NOT recommended for elderly because of very long half life | Chlorpropamide
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| First generation sulfonylurea | Chlorpropamide, tolbutamide, tolazamide, etc.
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| During Phase I these agents worsen the paralysis by succinylcholine, but during phase II they reverse the blockade produced by succinylcholine | Cholinesterase inhibitors
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| Reversal of blockade by neuromuscular blockers | Cholinesterase inhibitors
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| Chemical antagonists that bind to the inhibitor of ACh Estrace and displace the enzyme (if aging has not occurred) | Cholinesterase Regenerators
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| H2 blocker that causes the most interactions with other drugs | Cimetidine
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| Inhibitors of CYP450 | Cimetidine, ketoconazole, erythromycin, isoniazid and grapefruit
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| Toxicities include nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, leading to a severe interaction with aminoglycosides | Cisplatin
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| Except for these agents all SSRI have significant inhibition of CytP450 enzymes | Citalopram and its metabolite escitalopram
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| Class of anti-arrhythmics that has a pro-arrhythmic effect (CAST trial), therefore are used as last line agents | Class IC (flecainide, propafenone, moricizine)
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| Beta blockers are used for which type of anginal attack | Classic
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| The ratio of the rate of elimination of a drug to its plasma concentration | Clearance (CL)
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| Drug notorious for causing pseudomembranous colitis | Clindamycin
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| Antiestrogen drugs used for fertility and breast cancer respectively | Clomiphene and tamoxifen
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| TCA used in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), most significant of TCA's for risk of seizure, weight gain, and neuropsychiatric signs and symptoms | Clomipramine
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| Example of three antidepressants that are indicated for obsessive compulsive disorder | Clomipramine, fluoxetine and fluvoxamine
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| Benzodiazepine that has efficacy against absence seizures and in anxiety states, such as agoraphobia | Clonazepam
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| Presynaptic Alpha 2 agonist used in HTN | Clonidine, and methyldopa
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| Effective in preventing TIA's | Clopidogrel and ticlopidine
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| Agent having no effect on D2 receptors, blocks D4, reserved for resistant schizophrenia, and can cause agranulocytosis | Clozapine
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| Anti-psychotic not shown to cause tardive dyskinesia | Clozapine
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| Regimen used for breast cancer | CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil) and tamoxifen if ER+
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| Additive effects when Sedative-Hypnotics used in combination with these agents | CNS depressants
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| Most important toxic effects of most local anesthetics | CNS toxicity
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| Local anesthetic with vasoconstrictive property, favored for head, neck, and pharyngeal surgery | Cocaine
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| Commonly abused LA which has cardiovascular toxicity including severe hypertension with cerebral hemorrhage, cardiac arrhythmias, and myocardial infarction | Cocaine
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| Overdoses of this agent with powerful vasoconstrictive action may result in fatalities from arrhythmias, seizures, respiratory depression, or severe HTN (MI and stroke) | Cocaine "super-speed"
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| These LA's have surface activity | Cocaine and benzocaine
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| Moderate opioid agonists | Codeine, hydrocodone, and oxycodone
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| Three C's associated with TCA toxicity | Coma, Convulsions, Cardiac problems (arrhythmias and wide QRS)
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| Constant low dose of estrogen and increasing dose of progestin for 21 days (last 5 days are sugar pills or iron prep) | Combination oral contraceptives (OC)
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| Ability to bind reversibly to the same site as the drug and without activating the effector system | Competitive antagonist
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| SE of CCB | Constipation, edema, and headache
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| Regimen used for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma | COP (cyclophosphamide, oncovin(vincristine), and prednisone)
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| Drugs that can be used for infantile spasms | Corticosteroids
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| Short acting GC's | Cortisone and hydrocortisone (equivalent to cortisol)
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| ACTH analog used for diagnosis of patients with corticosteroid abnormality | Cosyntropin
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| " |
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| Difference between COX 1 and COX 2 " | "COX 1 is found throughout
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| the body and COX 2 is only |
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| in inflammatory tissue" |
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| Plasma concentration of a drug at a given time | Cp
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| Product of proinsulin cleavage used to assess insulin abuse | C-peptide
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| SE of niacin | Cutaneous flush
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| Toxicity caused by nitroprusside and treatment | Cyanide toxicity treated with sodium thiosulfate
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| Agent for pernicious anemia | Cyanocobalamin (Vit B12)
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| Agent used for acute muscle spasm | Cyclobenzaprine
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| Anticancer drug also used in RA, produces acrolein in urine that leads to hemorrhagic cystitis | Cyclophosphamide
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| H1 blocker that is also a serotonin antagonist | Cyproheptadine
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| Anti-androgen used for hirsutism in females | Cyproterone acetate
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| T3 compound less widely used | Cytomel
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| DOC for malignant hyperthermia by acting on the sacroplasmic reticulum or skeletal muscle | Dantrolene
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| DOC for malignant hyperthermia that may be caused by use of halogenated anesthetics | Dantrolene
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| Drug used in neuroleptic malignant syndrome | Dantrolene
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| Drug of choice for leprosy | Dapsone
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| Most inhaled anesthetics SE | Decrease arterial blood pressure
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| MOA of metformin | Decreases hepatic glucose production and intestinal glucose absorption; increase insulin sensitivity
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| MOA of tetracycline | Decreases protein synthesis by inhibiting 30S ribosome
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| Antidote used for iron salt toxicity | Deferoxamine
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| Chelating agent used in acute iron toxicity | Deferoxamine
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| MOA of thrombolytics | Degradation of fibrin clots and are administered
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| Antivirals that are teratogens | Delavirdine, efavirenz, and ribavirin
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| Used for SIADH | Demeclocycline
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| Common mechanism by which overdose result in death | Depression of medullary and cardiovascular centers
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| SE of gold salts | Dermatitis of the mouth aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis
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|
||||
| Pungent inhaled anesthetic which leads to high incidence of coughing and vasospasm | Desflurane
🗑
|
||||
| Synthetic analog of ADH hormone used for diabetes insipidus and nocturnal enuresis | Desmopressin (DDAVP)
🗑
|
||||
| ADH agonist used for pituitary diabetes insipidus | Desmopressin (DDAVP)
🗑
|
||||
| May protect against doxorubicin toxic by scavenging free radicals | Dexrazoxane
🗑
|
||||
| Amphetamine agents | Dextroamphetamines and methamphetamine
🗑
|
||||
| These agents are used as antitussive | Dextromethorphan, Codeine
🗑
|
||||
| Benzodiazepine with useful relaxant effects in skeletal muscle spasticity of central origin | Diazepam
🗑
|
||||
| DOC for status epilepticus | Diazepam
🗑
|
||||
| Facilitates GABA presynaptic inhibition | Diazepam
🗑
|
||||
| Agents having active metabolites, long half lives, and a high incidence of adverse effects | Diazepam, Flurazepam, chlordiazepoxide, and clorazepate
🗑
|
||||
| NSAID also available as an ophthalmic preparation | Diclofenac
🗑
|
||||
| Reduce transient hyper GI motility | Dicyclomine, methscopolamine
🗑
|
||||
| Anti-viral with a dose limiting toxicity of pancreatitis | Didanosine
🗑
|
||||
| Non-steroidal estrogen agonist causes clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina in daughters of women who used it during pregnancy | Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
🗑
|
||||
| Antidote for digoxin toxicity | Digibind
🗑
|
||||
| Antidote used for digitalis toxicity | Digibind (also need to d/c digoxin, normalize K+, and lidocaine if pt. Is arrhythmic)
🗑
|
||||
| Drug used supraventricular arrhythmias | Digoxin
🗑
|
||||
| H1 antagonist used in motion sickness | Dimenhydrinate, meclizine, and other 1st generation
🗑
|
||||
| Antidote for arsenic, mercury, lead, and gold poisoning | Dimercaprol
🗑
|
||||
| Antidote used for lead poisoning | Dimercaprol, EDTA
🗑
|
||||
| 1st generation antihistamine that is highly sedating | Diphendydramine
🗑
|
||||
| Prototype antagonist of H1 and H2 receptors | Diphenhydramine and impromidine respectively
🗑
|
||||
| These agents are used as antidiarrheal | Diphenoxylate, Loperamide
🗑
|
||||
| Prevents thrombosis in patients with artificial heart valve | Dipyridamole
🗑
|
||||
| Agent used in the treatment of alcoholism, if alcohol is consumed concurrently, acetaldehyde builds up and results in nausea, headache, flushing, and hypotension | Disulfiram
🗑
|
||||
| Agents that inhibit alcohol dehydrogenase | Disulfiram, metronidazole, certain sulfonylureas and cephalosporins
🗑
|
||||
| Metronidazole SE if given with alcohol | Disulfiram-like reaction
🗑
|
||||
| Beta 1 agonists used in acute CHF | Dobutamine and dopamine
🗑
|
||||
| 5ht-3 antagonist that has been associated with QRS and QTc prolongation and should not be used in patients with heart disease | Dolasetron
🗑
|
||||
| These agents are congeners of Amphetamine | DOM, STP, MDA, and MDMA "ecstasy"
🗑
|
||||
| Hormone inhibiting prolactin release | Dopamine
🗑
|
||||
| TCA with greatest sedation of this group, and marked antimuscarinic effects, used for sleep | Doxepin
🗑
|
||||
| Antipsychotics, reserpine at high doses, and MPTP (by-product of illicit meperidine analog) and is irreversible | Drug induced Parkinsonism
🗑
|
||||
| Angiotensin receptor blockers do NOT cause | Dry cough
🗑
|
||||
| SE of ACE inhibitors | Dry cough, hyperkalemia
🗑
|
||||
| Toxicity of organophosphate: | DUMBELSS (diarrhea, urination, miosis, bronchoconstriction, excitation of skeletal muscle and CNS, lacrimation, salivation, and sweating)
🗑
|
||||
| SE of Amiodarone | Dysfunction, photosensitivity, skin (blue smurf syndrome), Pulmonary fibrosis, thyroid and corneal deposits
🗑
|
||||
| Antiglaucoma organophosphate | Echothiophate
🗑
|
||||
| Median effective dose required for an effect in 50% of the population | ED50
🗑
|
||||
| SE of Thiazolindinediones | Edema, mild anemia; interaction with drugs that undergo CytP450 3A4 metabolism
🗑
|
||||
| Indirect-Acting ACh Agonist, alcohol, short DOA and used in diagnosis of myasthenia gravis | Edrophonium
🗑
|
||||
| Ability of drug to produce a biologic effect | Efficacy
🗑
|
||||
| Population group especially sensitive to side effects of antidepressants | Elderly patients
🗑
|
||||
| Inhaled anesthetics are myocardial depressants | Enflurane and halothane
🗑
|
||||
| Inhibitors of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), used as adjuncts in Parkinson's dx and cause acute hepatic failure (monitor LFT's) | Entacapone and Tolcapone
🗑
|
||||
| Long acting sympathomimetic, sometimes used to improve urinary continence in children and elderly with enuresis | Ephedrine
🗑
|
||||
| This is the drug of choice for anaphylactic shock | Epinephrine
🗑
|
||||
| Nonselective alpha agonists that increases outflow, probably via the uveoscleral veins | Epinephrine, dipivefrin
🗑
|
||||
| Agents for reduction of postpartum bleeding | Ergonovine and ergotamine
🗑
|
||||
| DOC for Legionnaires' disease | Erythromycin
🗑
|
||||
| Agent used for anemias associated with renal failure | Erythropoietin
🗑
|
||||
| Antidote used for beta agonist toxicity (eg. Metaproterenol) | Esmolol
🗑
|
||||
| This parenteral beta blocker is a short acting | Esmolol
🗑
|
||||
| Used intravenously for acute arrhythmias during surgery | Esmolol
🗑
|
||||
| Slightly increased risk of breast cancer, endometrial cancer, heart disease (questionable), has beneficial effects on bone loss | Estrogen
🗑
|
||||
| Used for prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women | Estrogen (HRT-Hormone replacement therapy)
🗑
|
||||
| Antidote used for methanol and ethylene glycol | Ethanol
🗑
|
||||
| Agent with zero-order kinetics | Ethanol
🗑
|
||||
| Agent that is metabolized to acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase and microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS) | Ethanol
🗑
|
||||
| These agents are CNS depressants | Ethanol, Barbiturates, and Benzodiazepines
🗑
|
||||
| Estrogen mostly used in oral contraceptives (OC) | Ethinyl estradiol and mestranol
🗑
|
||||
| Drugs of choice for absence seizures | Ethosuximide and valproic acid
🗑
|
||||
| Only bisphosphonates available IV | Etidronate
🗑
|
||||
| Bisphosphonates that cannot be used on continuous basis because it caused osteomalacia | Etidronate
🗑
|
||||
| The most important sign of withdrawal syndrome | Excessive CNS stimulation (seizures)
🗑
|
||||
| New class of drugs that works by inhibiting absorption of intestinal cholesterol and can be given concurrently with the Statins | Ezetimibe (Zetia)
🗑
|
||||
| Opioid associated with respiratory depression, but is used in high risk patients who may not survive full general anesthetia | Fentanyl
🗑
|
||||
| Opioid available trans-dermally | Fentanyl
🗑
|
||||
| Agent to treat hypochromic microcytic anemias | Ferrous sulfate
🗑
|
||||
| 2nd generation antihistamines | Fexofenadine, loratadine, and cetirizine
🗑
|
||||
| 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor used for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and male pattern baldness | Finasteride (Proscar and Propecia respectively)
🗑
|
||||
| Generation of antihistamine that has the most CNS effects | First generation due to being more lipid-soluble
🗑
|
||||
| Constant percentage of substrate metabolized per unit time | First order kinetics
🗑
|
||||
| The elimination of drug that occurs before it reaches the systemic circulation | First pass effect
🗑
|
||||
| SE of AGI's | Flatulence (do not use beano to tx), diarrhea, abdominal cramps
🗑
|
||||
| Mineralocorticoids | Fludrocortisone and deoxycorticosterone
🗑
|
||||
| Antidote used for benzodiazepine toxicity | Flumazenil
🗑
|
||||
| Antidote to benzodiazepine overdose (antagonist that reverses the CNS effects) | Flumazenil
🗑
|
||||
| Benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, it accelerates recovery from benzodiazepine overdose | Flumazenil
🗑
|
||||
| "Date rape drug" | Flunitrazepam (rohypnol)
🗑
|
||||
| Toxic to the liver, kidney, lungs, bone marrow, peripheral nerves, and cause brain damage in animals, sudden death has occurred following inhalation | Fluorocarbons and Industrial solvents
🗑
|
||||
| SSRI with long T1/2 and can be administered once weekly for maintenance, not acute tx | Fluoxetine
🗑
|
||||
| SSRI's less likely to cause a withdrawal syndrome | Fluoxetine
🗑
|
||||
| SSRI indicated for premenstrual dysphoric disorder | Fluoxetine (Sarafem)
🗑
|
||||
| Anti-psychotics available in depot preparation | Fluphenazine and haloperidol
🗑
|
||||
| Anti-androgen used for prostate cancer | Flutamide (Eulexin)
🗑
|
||||
| Agent used for megaloblastic anemia (but does NOT reverse neurologic symptoms) and decrease neural tube defects during pregnancy | Folic acid
🗑
|
||||
| Drug that inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase and is used in ethylene glycol exposure | Fomepizole
🗑
|
||||
| Ability of a drug to produce 100% of the maximum response regardless of the potency | Full agonist
🗑
|
||||
| Anti-seizure drugs used also for pain of neuropathic orgin | Gabapentin
🗑
|
||||
| MOA for benzodiazepines and barbiturates | GABA-related targets
🗑
|
||||
| DOC for CMV retinitis | Ganciclovir
🗑
|
||||
| Antivirals associated with neutropenia | Ganciclovir, zidovudine, saquinavir, and interferon
🗑
|
||||
| GnRH antagonist with more immediate effects, used for infertility | Ganirelix
🗑
|
||||
| COX 2 inhibitors may have reduced risk of | Gastric ulcers and GI Bleeding
🗑
|
||||
| Agent used neutropenia especially after chemotherapy | G-CSF (filgrastim) and GM-CSF (sargramostim)
🗑
|
||||
| Methyldopa is contraindicated in | Geriatrics due to its CNS (depression) effects
🗑
|
||||
| Pneumonic for 3 zones of adrenal cortex | GFR
🗑
|
||||
| SE of Aspirin | GI bleeding
🗑
|
||||
| SE of phenytoin | Gingival hyperplasia
🗑
|
||||
| SE of phenytoin | Gingival hyperplasia, nystagmus, diplopia and ataxia
🗑
|
||||
| Ultra long acting insulin, has over a day duration of action | Glargine (Lantus)
🗑
|
||||
| Epinephrine and dipivefrin are used for | Glaucoma
🗑
|
||||
| 3 zones of adrenal cortex and their products | Glomerulosa (mineralocorticoids), fasciculata (glucocorticoid
🗑
|
||||
| Antidote for beta-blockers and hypoglycemia | Glucagon
🗑
|
||||
| Hyperglycemic agent that increases cAMP and results in glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, reverses hypoglycemia, also used to reverse severe beta-blocker overdose and smooth muscle relaxation | Glucagon
🗑
|
||||
| Used for Addison's disease, Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH), inflammation, allergies, and asthma (as a local inhalation) | Glucocorticoids
🗑
|
||||
| Products of Phase II conjugation | Glucuronate, acetic acid, and glutathione sulfate
🗑
|
||||
| Important in synthesis of glucose to glycogen in the liver | GLUT 2
🗑
|
||||
| Important in muscle and adipose tissue for glucose transport across muscles and TG storage by lipoprotein lipase activation | GLUT 4
🗑
|
||||
| Drugs available in combination with metformin | Glyburide, glipizide, and rosiglitazone
🗑
|
||||
| Second generation sulfonylurea | Glyburide, glipizide, glimepiride, etc.
🗑
|
||||
| SE seen only in men with administration of ketoconazole | Gynecomastia
🗑
|
||||
| Common SE of spironolactone | Gynecomastia and hyperkalemia
🗑
|
||||
| SE of spironolactone | Gynecomastia hyperkalemia, and impotence
🗑
|
||||
| Time it takes for amount of drug to fall to half of its value, constant in first order kinetics (majority of drugs) | Half-life (T1/2)
🗑
|
||||
| SE of ergot alkaloids | Hallucinations resembling psychosis
🗑
|
||||
| Agent more frequently associated with extrapyramidal side effects that can be treated with benzodiazepine, diphenhydramine or muscarinic blocker | Haloperidol
🗑
|
||||
| Antipsychotic having the weakest autonomic effects | Haloperidol
🗑
|
||||
| Agents used in Tourette's dx | Haloperidol or pimozide
🗑
|
||||
| Inhaled anesthetic that may sensitize the myocardium to arrhythmogenic effects of catecholamines and has produced hepatitis | Halothane
🗑
|
||||
| Inhaled anesthetics metabolized by liver enzymes which has a major role in the toxicity of these agents | Halothane and methoxyflurane
🗑
|
||||
| Anticoagulant of choice in pregnancy | Heparin
🗑
|
||||
| SE of heparin | Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
🗑
|
||||
| Main route of metabolism for benzodiazepines | Hepatic
🗑
|
||||
| Most frequent route of metabolism | Hepatic enzymes
🗑
|
||||
| Reason troglitazone was withdrawn from market | Hepatic toxicity
🗑
|
||||
| SE of acetaminophen | Hepatotoxicity
🗑
|
||||
| Most commonly abused in health care professionals | Heroin, morphine, oxycodone, meperidine and fentanyl
🗑
|
||||
| Prototype ganglion blocker | Hexamethonium
🗑
|
||||
| Drug with a high margin of safety | High therapeutic index
🗑
|
||||
| Common SE of tamoxifen and raloxifene | Hot flashes
🗑
|
||||
| Direct vasodilator of arteriolar smooth muscle | Hydralazine
🗑
|
||||
| Prevention of cyclophosphamide induced hemorrhagic cystitis | Hydration and mercaptoethanesulfonate (MESNA)
🗑
|
||||
| Interferes with activity of T-lymphocytes | Hydroxychloroquine
🗑
|
||||
| Anti-malarial drug used in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) | Hydroxychloroquine
🗑
|
||||
| Antihistamine that can be used for anxiety and insomnia and is not addictive | hydroxyzine (Atarax)
🗑
|
||||
| This may antagonize activity of local anesthetics | Hypercalcemia
🗑
|
||||
| This may enhance activity of local anesthetics | Hyperkalemia
🗑
|
||||
| Side effects occuring in antipsychotics that block dopamine | Hyperprolactinemia, menorrhea, galactorrhea, confusion, mood changes, decreased sexual interest, and weight gain
🗑
|
||||
| Alpha 1 agonist toxicity | Hypertension
🗑
|
||||
| Condition will result from in combination of MAOI with tyramine containing foods (ex. wine, cheese, and pickled meats) | Hypertensive crisis
🗑
|
||||
| SE of minoxidil | Hypertrichosis
🗑
|
||||
| SE of thiazide (HCTZ) diuretics | Hyperuricemia, hypokalemia and hyperglycemia
🗑
|
||||
| SE of loop (furosemide) diuretics | Hyperuricemia, hypokalemia and ototoxicity
🗑
|
||||
| Major SE of insulin | Hypoglycemia
🗑
|
||||
| Common SE of sulfonylureas, repaglinide, and nateglinide | Hypoglycemia
🗑
|
||||
| Digoxin toxicity can be precipitated by | Hypokalemia
🗑
|
||||
| Routes of administration of heparin | IM (only LMW) and IV
🗑
|
||||
| TCA used in chronic pain, enuresis, and ADD | Imipramine
🗑
|
||||
| Major nutritional side effect of bile acid-binding resins | Impair absorption of fat soluble vitamin absorption (A,D,E,K)
🗑
|
||||
| Barbiturates MOA | Increase the DURATION of GABA-mediated chloride ion channels
🗑
|
||||
| "MOA for benzodiazepines |
🗑
|
||||
| " | increase the FREQUENCY of GABA-mediated chloride ion channel opening
🗑
|
||||
| Major drug interaction with Quinidine | Increases concentration of Digoxin
🗑
|
||||
| Shock due to septicemia or myocardial infarction is made worse by | Increasing afterload and tissue perfusion declines
🗑
|
||||
| MOA of Cardiac glycosides (eg. digoxin) | Indirectly increase intracellular calcium and cardiac contractility by inhibit Na+/K+ ATPase
🗑
|
||||
| Agent used for closure of patent ductus arteriosus | Indomethacin
🗑
|
||||
| NSAIDS used in gout | Indomethacin and phenylbutazone
🗑
|
||||
| Atropine fever is the most dangerous effect and can be lethal in this population group | Infants
🗑
|
||||
| Contraindications to use of atropine | Infants, closed angle glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy
🗑
|
||||
| Proteins that prevent action of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) | Infliximab and etanercept
🗑
|
||||
| These drugs strongly potentiate and prolong effect of neuromuscular blockade (NMB) | Inhaled anesthetics, especially isoflurane, aminoglycosides, and antiarrhythmic
🗑
|
||||
| Drug or foods (grapefruit juice) that increase statin effect | Inhibit Cytochrome P450 3A4
🗑
|
||||
| MOA of sulfonamides | Inhibit dihydropteroate synthase
🗑
|
||||
| MOA of quinolones | Inhibit DNA gyrase
🗑
|
||||
| MOA of thiazide diuretics | Inhibit Na+/Cl- cotransport
🗑
|
||||
| " |
🗑
|
||||
| MOA of corticosteroids" | inhibit phospholipase A2
🗑
|
||||
| MOA of NSAIDS | inhibit prostaglandin synthesis by inhibiting cyclo-oxygenase (cox)
🗑
|
||||
| MOA of Leflunomide (newer agent) | Inhibiting Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase which leads to decreased pyrimidine synthesis
🗑
|
||||
| MOA of erythromycin | Inhibition of protein synthesis at the 50s subunit of ribosome
🗑
|
||||
| inhibits HMG COA reductase
🗑
|
|||||
| MOA of loop diuretics | inhibits Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransport
🗑
|
||||
| MOA of Bisphosphonates | Inhibits osteoclast bone resorption
🗑
|
||||
| MOA of sildenafil (Viagra) | Inhibits phosphodiesterase-5, enhancing effects of nitric oxide-activated increases in cGMP
🗑
|
||||
| PTU (propylthiouracil) MOA | Inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis by blocking iodination of the tyrosine residues of thyroglobulin
🗑
|
||||
| MOA utilizes transmembrane receptors | Insulin
🗑
|
||||
| MOA of both generations | Insulin release from pancreas by modifying K+ channels
🗑
|
||||
| MOA of repaglinide | Insulin release from pancreas; faster and shorter acting than sulfonylurea
🗑
|
||||
| MOA of nateglinide | Insulin secretagogue
🗑
|
||||
| Used for hairy cell leukemia; it stimulates NK cells | Interferon alpha
🗑
|
||||
| Treatment of patients with prior episodes of thrombocytopenia after a cycle of cancer chemotherapy | Interleukin 11 (oprelvekin)
🗑
|
||||
| Can be effective for short term therapy of thyroid storm, but after several weeks of therapy causes an exacerbation of hyperthyroidism | Iodide salts
🗑
|
||||
| Radio contrast media that inhibits the conversion of T4 to T3 | Ipodate
🗑
|
||||
| Muscarinic antagonist used in asthma | Ipratropium
🗑
|
||||
| Bronchodilation in asthma and COPD | Ipratropium
🗑
|
||||
| MOA of aspirin | Irreversibly blocking cyclooxygenase
🗑
|
||||
| Beta cells are found | Islets of Langerhans
🗑
|
||||
| Inhaled anesthetic causes peripheral vasodilation | Isoflurane
🗑
|
||||
| This route is associated with rapid tolerance and psychologic dependence | IV administration
🗑
|
||||
| Drugs of choice for status epilepticus | IV diazepam or phenytoin (for prolonged therapy not acute)
🗑
|
||||
| This produces "dissociative anesthesia", is a cardiovascular stimulant which may increases intracranial pressure, and hallucinations occur during recovery | Ketamine
🗑
|
||||
| Agents used in treatment of carcinoid tumor | Ketanserin cyproheptadine, and phenoxybenzamine
🗑
|
||||
| 5HT2 antagonist mediate synaptic excitation in the CNS and smooth muscle contraction | Ketanserin, cyproheptadine, and ergot alkaloids (partial agonist of alpha and serotonin receptors)
🗑
|
||||
| Antifungal agent used for inhibition of all gonadal and adrenal steroids | Ketoconazole
🗑
|
||||
| NSAID available orally, IM and ophthalmically | Ketoralac
🗑
|
||||
| NSAID that is used for acute condition, such as pre-op anesthesia and has limited duration (<5 days) of use due to nephrotoxicity | Ketoralac
🗑
|
||||
| SE of colchicine | Kidney and liver toxicity
🗑
|
||||
| Major route of elimination for Lithium | Kidneys
🗑
|
||||
| Combined alpha and beta blocking agents that may have application in treatment of CHF | Labetalol and carvedilol
🗑
|
||||
| Most important potential SE of metformin | Lactic acidosis
🗑
|
||||
| Converts asparagine to aspartate and ammonia, denies cancer cells of essential AA (asparagine) | L-asparaginase
🗑
|
||||
| Dose which is lethal to 50% of the population | LD50
🗑
|
||||
| Agent used in drug therapy of Parkinson's instead of Dopamine which has low bioavailability and does not cross the BBB | L-dopa
🗑
|
||||
| Alternative anticoagulant used if HIT develops | Lepirudin
🗑
|
||||
| Antidote for methotrexate toxicity | Leucovorin
🗑
|
||||
| GnRH agonist used for infertility or different types of CA depending on pulsatile or steady usage respectively | Leuprolide
🗑
|
||||
| Drug is used with testosterone for male fertility | Leuprolide
🗑
|
||||
| Anti-Parkinson's drug which increases intraocular pressure and is contraindicated in closed angle glaucoma | Levodopa
🗑
|
||||
| Monitoring parameter to obtain before initiation of STATINS | LFT's
🗑
|
||||
| DOC for management of acute Ventricular arrhythmias | Lidocaine
🗑
|
||||
| Fibrates (gemfibrozil) increase activity of | Lipoprotein lipase
🗑
|
||||
| Very rapid acting insulin, having fastest onset and shortest duration of action | Lispro (Humalog)
🗑
|
||||
| DOC for bipolar affective disorder | Lithium
🗑
|
||||
| Patients being treated with lithium, who are dehydrated, or taking diuretics concurrently, could develop | Lithium toxicity
🗑
|
||||
| Exogenous insulin | Little C-peptide
🗑
|
||||
| Barbiturates decrease the effectiveness of many other drugs via this pharmacokinetics property | Liver enzyme INDUCTION
🗑
|
||||
| Major SE of zileuton | Liver toxicity
🗑
|
||||
| SE of mirtazapine | Liver toxicity, increased serum cholesterol
🗑
|
||||
| Target plasma concentration times (volume of distribution divided by bioavailability) | Loading dose (Cp*(Vd/F))
🗑
|
||||
| Constant proportion of cell population killed rather than a constant number | Log-kill hypothesis
🗑
|
||||
| Associated with an increased incidence of cataracts in patients treated for glaucoma | Long acting cholinesterase inhibitors
🗑
|
||||
| Treatment of withdrawal syndrome involves | Long-acting sedative-hypnotic or a gradual reduction of dose, clonidine or propranolol
🗑
|
||||
| Benzodiazepine that undergo extrahepatic conjugation (which are useful in older or hepatically impaired) | Lorazepam, oxazepam, and temazepam
🗑
|
||||
| Orthostatic hypotension and QT prolongation | Low potency and risperidone
🗑
|
||||
| Drug with a narrow margin of safety | Low therapeutic index
🗑
|
||||
| Reduced seizure threshold | Low-potency typical antipsychotics and clozapine
🗑
|
||||
| Ergot alkaloid used as an illicit drug | LSD
🗑
|
||||
| Most widely used thyroid drugs such as Synthroid and Levoxyl contain | L-thyroxine (T4)
🗑
|
||||
| SE of hydralazine | Lupus-like syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| SE of procainamide | Lupus-like syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| Antidote useful for some drug induced Torsade de pointes | Magnesium sulfate
🗑
|
||||
| Agent to treat torsades de pointes | Magnesium sulfate
🗑
|
||||
| Concentration in the plasma times (clearance divided by bioavailability) | Maintenance dose (Cp*(CL/F))
🗑
|
||||
| Osmotic diuretic used for increased intracranial pressure | Mannitol
🗑
|
||||
| Antidepressant associated with seizures and cardiotoxicity | Maprotiline
🗑
|
||||
| THC is active ingredient, SE's include impairment of judgment, and reflexes, decreases in blood pressure and psychomotor performance occur | Marijuana
🗑
|
||||
| MOA action of cromolyn | Mast cell stabilizer
🗑
|
||||
| Important drug interaction with chloral hydrate | May displace coumadin from plasma proteins
🗑
|
||||
| Alkylating agent, vesicant that causes tissue damage with extravasation | Mechlorethamine
🗑
|
||||
| MOPP regimen used in Hodgkin's disease (HD) | Mechlorethamine+ oncovorin (vincristine)+ procarbazine, and prednisone
🗑
|
||||
| Anemia caused by trimethoprim | Megaloblastic anemia
🗑
|
||||
| System that increases in activity with chronic exposure and may contribute to tolerance | MEOS
🗑
|
||||
| All opioids except this agent (which has a muscarinic blocking action) cause pupillary constriction | Meperidine
🗑
|
||||
| Use of this opioid with MAOI can lead to hyperpyrexic coma, and with SSRI's can lead to serotonin syndrome | Meperidine
🗑
|
||||
| Biguanide | Metformin
🗑
|
||||
| Opioid used in the management of withdrawal states | Methadone
🗑
|
||||
| Treatment for opioid addiction | Methadone, followed by slow dose reduction
🗑
|
||||
| Penicillins active against penicillinase secreting bacteria | Methicillin, nafcillin, and dicloxacillin
🗑
|
||||
| Thioamide agents used in hyperthyroidism | Methimazole and propylthiouracil (PTU)
🗑
|
||||
| Causes bone marrow suppression | Methotrexate
🗑
|
||||
| Fluoride released by metabolism of this inhaled anesthetic may cause renal insufficiency | Methoxyflurane
🗑
|
||||
| Organophosphate anthelmintic agent with long DOA | Metrifonate
🗑
|
||||
| DOC for tx of pseudomembranous colitis | Metronidazole
🗑
|
||||
| DOC for giardia, bacterial vaginosis, pseudomembranous colitis, and trichomonas | Metronidazole
🗑
|
||||
| Used for Cushing's syndrome (increased corticosteroid) and sometimes for adrenal function test | Metyrapone
🗑
|
||||
| "Benzodiazepine that is used for anesthesia |
🗑
|
||||
| " | Midazolam
🗑
|
||||
| Benzodiazepine used adjunctively in anesthesia | Midazolam
🗑
|
||||
| Chronic orthostatic hypotension can be treated with | Midodrine
🗑
|
||||
| Antiprogestin used as potent antagonist of GC receptor | Mifepristone
🗑
|
||||
| Anti-progesterone used as abortifacient | Mifepristone (RU-486)
🗑
|
||||
| Inversely related to potency of anesthetics | Minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC)
🗑
|
||||
| Oral antibiotic of choice for moderate inflammatory acne | Minocycline
🗑
|
||||
| Arterial vasodilator that works by opening K+ channels | Minoxidil
🗑
|
||||
| Tolerance to all effects of opioid agonists can develop except | Miosis and constipation
🗑
|
||||
| Antidepressant with MOA as alpha 2 antagonist, has effects on both 5-HT and NE, blocks histamine receptors, and is sedating | Mirtazapine
🗑
|
||||
| Non-depolarizing antagonist has short duration | Mivacurium
🗑
|
||||
| Most useful in patients with significant anxiety, phobic features, hypochondriasis, and resistant depression | Monamine oxidase inhibitors
🗑
|
||||
| Opioid that can be given PO, by epidural, and IV, which helps to relieve the dyspnea of pulmonary edema | Morphine
🗑
|
||||
| Opioids used in anesthesia | Morphine and fentanyl
🗑
|
||||
| Strong opioid agonists | Morphine, methadone, meperidine, and fentanyl
🗑
|
||||
| Receptors for serotonin (5HT-1) are located | Mostly in the brain, and they mediate synaptic inhibition via increased K+ conductance
🗑
|
||||
| Agents may exacerbate tardive dyskinesias (may be irreversible and there is no treatment) | Muscarinic blockers
🗑
|
||||
| Potassium sparing diuretics inhibit | Na+/K+ exchange
🗑
|
||||
| Antidote for acetaminophen toxicity | N-acetylcysteine
🗑
|
||||
| Antidote used for acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity | N-acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
🗑
|
||||
| This beta blocker is the longest acting | Nadolol
🗑
|
||||
| Opioid antagonist that is given IV and had short DOA | Naloxone
🗑
|
||||
| This agent may cause more severe, rapid and intense symptoms to a recovering addict | Naloxone
🗑
|
||||
| Antidote used for opioid toxicity | Naloxone (IV), naltrexone (PO)
🗑
|
||||
| Opioid antagonist that is given orally in alcohol dependency programs | Naltrexone
🗑
|
||||
| Anabolic steroid that has potential for abuse | Nandrolone and stanozolol
🗑
|
||||
| Amino acid derivative | Nateglinide
🗑
|
||||
| Most common SE of fibrates | Nausea
🗑
|
||||
| Antidepressant which is inhibitor of CYP450 enzymes and may be associated with hepatic failure | Nefazodone
🗑
|
||||
| Carbamate with intermediate action postoperative and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention | Neostigmine
🗑
|
||||
| Common toxicities of cisplatin | Nephro and ototoxicity
🗑
|
||||
| Two toxicities of aminoglycosides | nephro and ototoxicity
🗑
|
||||
| Toxicity of amphotericin | Nephrotoxicity
🗑
|
||||
| Agent used in acutely decompensated CHF resembling natriuretic peptide | Nesiritide (Natrecor)
🗑
|
||||
| State of analgesia and amnesia produced when fentanyl is used with droperidol and nitrous oxide | Neuroleptanesthesia
🗑
|
||||
| Structurally related to acetylcholine, used to produce muscle paralysis in order to facilitate surgery or artifical ventilation. Full doses lead to respiratory paralysis and require ventilation | Neuromuscular blocking drugs
🗑
|
||||
| SE for ganciclovir | Neutro, leuko and thrombocytopenia
🗑
|
||||
| SE for ticlopidine | Neutropenia and agranulocytosis
🗑
|
||||
| Anti-viral agents associated with Stephen Johnson syndrome | Nevirapine, amprenavir
🗑
|
||||
| Decreases liver triglycerol synthesis | Niacin
🗑
|
||||
| W/D from this drug causes anxiety and mental discomfort | Nicotine
🗑
|
||||
| CCB with predominate effect on arteriole dilation | Nifedipine
🗑
|
||||
| Drug used in Chagas disease | Nifurtimox
🗑
|
||||
| Antidote used for cyanide poisoning | Nitrites
🗑
|
||||
| Nitrate used for acute anginal attacks | Nitroglycerin sublingual tablets
🗑
|
||||
| IV Drug used Hypertensive Crisis | Nitroprusside
🗑
|
||||
| Drug used in ergot alkaloids overdose, ischemia and gangrene | Nitroprusside
🗑
|
||||
| Inhaled anesthetic with a low blood/gas partition coefficient | Nitrous oxide
🗑
|
||||
| Inhaled anesthetics, less likely to lower blood pressure than other agents, and has the smallest effect on respiration | Nitrous oxide
🗑
|
||||
| Prolonged exposure to this inhaled anesthetic may lead to megaloblastic anemia | Nitrous oxide
🗑
|
||||
| Inhalant anesthetics | NO, chloroform, and diethyl ether
🗑
|
||||
| Ability to bind to either the same or different site as the drug | Noncompetitive antagonist
🗑
|
||||
| Tubocurarine is the prototype, pancuronium, atracurium, vecuronium are newer short acting agent, produce competitive block at end plate nicotinic receptor, causing flaccid paralysis | Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Blockers
🗑
|
||||
| These prevent the action of Ach at the skeletal muscle endplate to produce a "surmountable blockade," effect is reversed by cholinesterase inhibitors (ex. neostigmine or pyridostigmine) | Nondepolarizing type antagonists
🗑
|
||||
| Prototypical drug is atropine | Nonselective Muscarinic Antagonists
🗑
|
||||
| Neurotransmitters affected by the action of antidepressants | Norepinephrine and serotonin
🗑
|
||||
| Endogenous insulin | Normal C-peptide
🗑
|
||||
| Secondary amines that have less sedation and more excitation effect | Nortriptyline, Desipramine
🗑
|
||||
| Class of drugs that reversibly inhibit COX | NSAIDS
🗑
|
||||
| Somatostatin (SRIF) analog used for acromegaly, carcinoid, glucagonoma and other GH producing pituitary tumors | Octreotide
🗑
|
||||
| DOC of chemo induced nausea and vomiting | Odansetron
🗑
|
||||
| Anti-emetics used in association with anti-cancer drugs that are 5-HT3 (serotonin receptor subtype ) antagonist | Odansetron, granisetron
🗑
|
||||
| Newer atypical antipsychotic used for bipolar disorder, known to cause weight gain, and adversely affect diabetes | Olanzapine
🗑
|
||||
| Newer atypical antipsychotics that also improve some of the negative symptoms and help acute agitation | Olanzapine, aripiprazole, and sertindole
🗑
|
||||
| Extrapyramidal dysfunction is more common with these agents, which block this subtype of dopamine receptor | Older antipsychotic agents, D2 receptors
🗑
|
||||
| Antipsychotics that reduce positive symptoms only | Older antipsychotics
🗑
|
||||
| "5HT-3 antagonist used in chemotherapeutic induced |
🗑
|
||||
| emesis " | "Ondansetron, granisetron,
🗑
|
||||
| dolasetron and alosetron " |
🗑
|
||||
| SE of these drugs include dependence, withdrawal syndrome, sedation, euphoria, respiratory depression nausea and vomiting, constipation, biliary spasm, increased ureteral and bladder tone, and reduction in uterine tone | Opioid Analgesics
🗑
|
||||
| Route of administration of warfarin | Oral
🗑
|
||||
| Nitrate used to prevent further attacks | Oral and transdermal forms of nitroglycerin
🗑
|
||||
| Treatment of resistant pseudomembranous colitis | ORAL vancomycin
🗑
|
||||
| Cause dizziness, tachycardia, hypotension, and flushing | Organic nitrites
🗑
|
||||
| Oral contraceptive available in a transdermal patch | Ortho-Evra
🗑
|
||||
| SE of alpha blockers | Orthostatic hypotension (especially with first dose) and reflex tachycardia
🗑
|
||||
| Some side effects of corticosteroids | Osteopenia, impaired wound healing, inc. risk of infection, inc. appetite, HTN, edema, PUD, euphoria, psychosis
🗑
|
||||
| Uses of bisphosphonates | Osteoporosis, Paget's disease, and osteolytic bone lesions, and hypercalcemia from malignancy
🗑
|
||||
| Aminoglycosides used with loop diuretics potentiate adverse effect | Ototoxicity
🗑
|
||||
| Leads to respiratory depression progressing to coma and death | Overdose of opioids
🗑
|
||||
| Different steps of Phase I | Oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis
🗑
|
||||
| Cystitis, postoperative bladder spasms, or incontinence | Oxybutynin, dicyclomine
🗑
|
||||
| Drug that causes contraction of the uterus | Oxytocin
🗑
|
||||
| Interact with microtubules (but unlike vinca which prevent disassembly of tubules), it stabilizes tubulin and cells remain frozen in metaphase | Paclitaxel (taxol)
🗑
|
||||
| Agent can blocking muscarinic receptors | Pancuronium
🗑
|
||||
| Some of SSRIs' therapeutic effects beside depression | Panic attacks, social phobias, bulimia nervosa, and PMDD premenstrual dysphoric disorder), OCD
🗑
|
||||
| The most toxic organophosphate | Parathion
🗑
|
||||
| SE of acetazolamide | Paresthesias, alkalization of the urine (which may ppt. Ca salts), hypokalemia, acidosis, and encephalopathy in patients with hepatic impairment
🗑
|
||||
| Ability to produce less than 100% of the response | Partial agonist
🗑
|
||||
| Treatments available for nicotine addiction | Patches, gum, nasal spray, psychotherapy, and bupropion
🗑
|
||||
| Most dangerous of the currently popular hallucinogenic drugs, OD leads to nystagmus, marked hypertension, and seizures, presence of both horizontal and vertical nystagmus is pathognomonic | PCP
🗑
|
||||
| Antidote used in poisonings: copper (Wilson's disease), lead, mercury, and arsenic | Penicillamine
🗑
|
||||
| Chelating agent used in Wilson's disease | Penicillamine
🗑
|
||||
| Methylxanthine derivative used as a remedy for intermittent claudication | Pentoxifylline
🗑
|
||||
| SE of INH | Peripheral neuritis and hepatitis
🗑
|
||||
| The most common neurologic abnormality in chronic alcoholics | Peripheral neuropathy (also excessive alcohol use is associated with HTN, anemia, and MI)
🗑
|
||||
| Used in pediatrics to maintain patency of ductus arteriosis | PGE1
🗑
|
||||
| Approved for use in severe pulmonary HTN | PGI2 (epoprostenol)
🗑
|
||||
| This step of metabolism makes drug more hydrophilic and hence augments elimination | Phase I
🗑
|
||||
| DOC for febrile seizures | Phenobarbital
🗑
|
||||
| Nonselective alpha-blocking drug, long acting and irreversible, and used to treat pheochromocytoma. Blocks 5-HT, so occasionaly used for carcinoid tumor. Blocks H1 and used in mastocytosis | Phenoxybenzamine
🗑
|
||||
| Non-selective Alpha1blockers use to treat pheochromocytoma | Phenoxybenzamine
🗑
|
||||
| Nonselective alpha-blocking drug, short acting and reversible, used for rebound HTN from rapid clonidine withdrawal, and Raynaud's phenomena | Phentolamine
🗑
|
||||
| For rebound HTN from rapid clonidine withdrawal | Phentolamine
🗑
|
||||
| Alpha agonist used to produce mydriasis and reduce conjunctival itching and congestion caused by irritation or allergy, it does not cause cycloplegia | Phenylephrine
🗑
|
||||
| DOC for digoxin induced arrhythmias | Phenytoin
🗑
|
||||
| Anti-seizure agent that exhibits non-linear metabolism, highly protein bound, causes fetal hydantoin syndrome, and stimulates hepatic metabolism | Phenytoin
🗑
|
||||
| Enzyme which theophylline inhibits | Phosphodiesterase
🗑
|
||||
| Antidote used for anticholinergic poisoning | Physostigmine
🗑
|
||||
| Treatment of atropine overdose and glaucoma (because lipid soluable). Enters the CNS rapidly and has a stimulant effect, which may lead to convulsions | Physostigmine
🗑
|
||||
| Only direct acting agent that is very lipid soluble and used in glaucoma | Pilocarpine
🗑
|
||||
| Cholinomimetics that increase outflow, open trabecular meshwork, and cause ciliary muscle contraction | Pilocarpine, carbachol, physostigmine
🗑
|
||||
| Beta blockers partial agonist activity (intrinsic sympathomimetic activity) cause some bronchodilation and may have an advantage in treating patients with asthma | Pindolol and acebutolol
🗑
|
||||
| Thiazolidinediones | Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone, Troglitazone (withdrawn/d from market)
🗑
|
||||
| Aspirin reduces mortality in unstable angina by | Platelet aggregation inhibition
🗑
|
||||
| Type of resistance found with vancomycin | Point mutation
🗑
|
||||
| SE of methyldopa | Positive Comb's test, depression
🗑
|
||||
| Activation of these receptors open K+ ion channels to cause membrane hyperpolarization | Postsynaptic Mu receptors
🗑
|
||||
| SE of nitrates | Postural hypotension, reflex tachycardia, hot flashes, and throbbing headache due to meningeal artery dilation
🗑
|
||||
| MOA of class III antiarrhythmics | Potassium channel blockers
🗑
|
||||
| Amount of drug necessary to elicit a biologic effect | Potency
🗑
|
||||
| Aspirin is contraindicated in children with viral infection | Potential for development of Reye's syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| This agent regenerates active cholinesterase and is a chemical antagonist used to treat organophosphate exposure | Pralidoxime
🗑
|
||||
| Used to treat patients exposed to insecticides such as parathion | Pralidoxime
🗑
|
||||
| Non ergot agents used as first-line therapy in the initial management of Parkinson's | Pramipexole and ropinirole
🗑
|
||||
| Alpha 1selective blockers | Prazosin, terazosin and doxazosin (-AZOSIN ending)
🗑
|
||||
| Selective Alpha 1 blocker used for hypertension, BPH, may cause first dose orthostatic hypotension | Prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin
🗑
|
||||
| Drug used in cancer therapy causes Cushing-like symptoms | Prednisone
🗑
|
||||
| Intermediate acting GC's | Prednisone, methylprednisolone, prednisolone, and triamcinolone
🗑
|
||||
| COX 2 inhibitors should be used cautiously in pts with | Pre-existing cardiac or renal disease
🗑
|
||||
| HMG CoA reductase inhibitors are contraindicated in | Pregnancy
🗑
|
||||
| Fibrates are contraindicated in | Pregnancy
🗑
|
||||
| Warfarin is contraindicated in | Pregnancy
🗑
|
||||
| Ace inhibitors are contraindicated in | pregnancy and with K+
🗑
|
||||
| Activation of these receptors close Ca2+ ion channels to inhibit neurotransmitter release | Presynaptic mu, delta, and kappa receptors
🗑
|
||||
| LA causing methemoglobinemia | Prilocaine
🗑
|
||||
| Drug used in exoerythrocytic cycle of malaria | Primaquine
🗑
|
||||
| CCB are DOC for | Prinzmetal's angina
🗑
|
||||
| Agent used to treat chronic gout by increasing uric acid secretion | Probenecid and sulfinpyrazone
🗑
|
||||
| Produces disulfiram-like reaction with ethanol | Procarbazine
🗑
|
||||
| Alpha cells in the pancreas | Produce glucagon
🗑
|
||||
| Beta cells in the pancreas | Produce insulin
🗑
|
||||
| Delta cells in the pancreas | Produce Somatostatin
🗑
|
||||
| Specific pharmacokinetic characteristic of amiodarone | Prolonged half-life, up to six weeks
🗑
|
||||
| Side effect of sotalol | prolongs QT and PR interval
🗑
|
||||
| Limiting side effect of Quinidine | Prolongs QT interval
🗑
|
||||
| Produces both rapid anesthesia and recovery, has antiemetic activity and commonly used for outpatient surgery, may cause marked hypotension | Propofol
🗑
|
||||
| Weak opioid agonist, poor analgesic, its overdose can cause severe toxicity including respiratory depression, circulatory collapse, pulmonary edema, and seizures | Propoxyphene
🗑
|
||||
| This beta blocker is highly lipid soluble and may account for side effects such as nightmares | Propranolol
🗑
|
||||
| Non-selective Beta-blocker also used for migraine prophylaxis | Propranolol
🗑
|
||||
| Agent effective in physiologic and essential tremor | Propranolol
🗑
|
||||
| Prostaglandins that cause abortions | Prostaglandin E1 (misoprostol) PGE2, and PGF2alpha
🗑
|
||||
| This agent cause increased aqueous outflow | Prostaglandin PGF2a
🗑
|
||||
| Antidote used for heparin toxicity | Protamine
🗑
|
||||
| Antidote to reverse actions of heparin | Protamine sulfate
🗑
|
||||
| HIV antiviral class known to have severe drug interactions by causing inhibition of metabolism | Protease inhibitors
🗑
|
||||
| Chronic high dose abuse of nicotine leads to | Psychotic state, overdose causes agitation, restlessness, tachycardia, hyperthermia, hyperreflexia, and seizures
🗑
|
||||
| Thioamide less likely to cross placenta, inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 in high doses, and should be used with extreme caution in pregnancy | PTU
🗑
|
||||
| Thrombolytics are used for | Pulmonary embolism and DVT
🗑
|
||||
| Treatment with cancer chemotherapy at high doses every 3-4 weeks, too toxic to be used continuously | Pulse therapy
🗑
|
||||
| Treatment of myasthenia gravis | Pyridostigmine
🗑
|
||||
| Increased risk of developing cataracts | Quetiapine
🗑
|
||||
| Permanently cures thyrotoxicosis, patients will need thyroid replacement therapy thereafter. Contraindicated in pregnancy | Radioactive iodine
🗑
|
||||
| Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used for prevention of osteoporosis and currently being tested for treatment of breast cancer (Stars study) | Raloxifene
🗑
|
||||
| Increase bone density, also being tested for breast CA tx. | Raloxifene (SERM-selective estrogen receptor modulator)
🗑
|
||||
| SE of clonidine | Rebound HTN, sedation, dry mouth
🗑
|
||||
| Common side effect of Rifampin | Red urine discoloration
🗑
|
||||
| Newer alpha 2 agonist (apraclonidine and brimonidine) treat glaucoma | Reduce aqueous synthesis
🗑
|
||||
| Sedative-Hypnotics action | Reduce inhibition, suppress anxiety, and produce relaxation
🗑
|
||||
| Often mixed with local anesthetic to | Reduce the loss from area of injection
🗑
|
||||
| Diuretics work in CHF by | Reducing preload
🗑
|
||||
| Beta blockers work in CHF by | Reducing progression of heart failure (never use in acute heart failure)
🗑
|
||||
| Rapid acting, crystalline zinc insulin used to reverse acute hyperglycemia | Regular (Humulin R)
🗑
|
||||
| MOA of nitrates | Relax vascular smooth muscle, at low doses dilate veins and at high doses dilate arterioles
🗑
|
||||
| Major effect of benzodiazepines on sleep at high doses | REM is decreased
🗑
|
||||
| Meglitinide | Repaglinide
🗑
|
||||
| Toxic effect of anticancer drug can be lessened by rescue agents | Rescue therapy
🗑
|
||||
| The most important cause of acute deaths in cholinesterase inhibitor toxicity | Respiratory failure
🗑
|
||||
| SE of hydroxychloroquine | Retinal destruction and dermatitis
🗑
|
||||
| Concurrent use of fibrates and statins increases risk of | Rhabdomyolysis
🗑
|
||||
| SE of HMG COA reductase inhibitors | Rhabdomyolysis and Hepatotoxicity
🗑
|
||||
| DMARDs are slow acting drugs for | Rheumatic disease
🗑
|
||||
| DOC for RSV | Ribavirin
🗑
|
||||
| Meningitis prophylaxis in exposed patients | Rifampin
🗑
|
||||
| Treatment for TB patients (think RIPE) | Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol
🗑
|
||||
| Antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric symptoms in patients with dementia | Risperidone
🗑
|
||||
| Atypical antipsychotic causing high prolactin levels | Risperidone
🗑
|
||||
| Long acting beta 2 agonist used in asthma | Salmeterol
🗑
|
||||
| Longer acting Beta 2 agonists is recommended for prophylaxis of asthma | Salmeterol
🗑
|
||||
| Treatment of motion sickness | Scopolamine
🗑
|
||||
| Technique used to diagnose perianal itching, and the drug used to treat it | "Scotch tape technique
🗑
|
||||
| and mebendazole" |
🗑
|
||||
| Most common side effect of 1st generation antihistamines | Sedation
🗑
|
||||
| SE of imipenem | Seizures
🗑
|
||||
| MOA of Colchicine (used in acute gout) | Selective inhibitor of microtubule assembly
🗑
|
||||
| Inhibitor of MAO type B which metabolizes dopamine, used adjunct to levodopa or as sole agent in newly diagnosed pt's | Selegiline
🗑
|
||||
| GHRH analog used as diagnostic agent | Sermorelin
🗑
|
||||
| MAOI should not be administered with SSRI's or potent TCA's due to development of this condition | Serotonin syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| Antipsychotic that does not block muscarinic or histamine receptors, and it prolongs the QT interval | Sertindole
🗑
|
||||
| Laboratory value required to be monitored for patients on valproic acid | Serum ammonia and LFT's
🗑
|
||||
| Limiting adverse effect of ganglion blockade that patients usually are unable to tolerate | Severe hypertension
🗑
|
||||
| Side effect of Mitomycin | SEVERE myelosuppression
🗑
|
||||
| All antidepressants have roughly the same efficacy in treating depression, agents are chosen based on these criterion | Side-effect profile and prior pt response
🗑
|
||||
| Beta 1 agonist toxicity | Sinus tachycardia and serious arrhythmias
🗑
|
||||
| Beta 2 agonist toxicity | Skeletal muscle tremor
🗑
|
||||
| Distribution of histamine receptors H1, H2, and H3 | Smooth muscle; stomach, heart, and mast cells; nerve endings, CNS respectively
🗑
|
||||
| Antidote used for tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) | Sodium bicarbonate
🗑
|
||||
| Mechanisms of action for Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine | Sodium blockade
🗑
|
||||
| MOA of class I A (eg. Procainamide), class IB (eg. Lidocaine), and class IC (eg. Flecainide) antiarrhythmics | Sodium channel blockers
🗑
|
||||
| Antidote for hyperkalemia | sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)
🗑
|
||||
| Somatotropin (GH) analog used in GH deficiency (dwarfism) | Somatrem
🗑
|
||||
| Antiarrhythmic that exhibits Class II and III properties | Sotalol
🗑
|
||||
| Agents acting in the CNS or in the skeletal muscle, used to reduce abnormally elevated tone caused by neurologic or muscle end plate disease | Spasmolytic drugs
🗑
|
||||
| Selectivity of a drug for its receptor | Specificity
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| Diuretic used to antagonize aldosterone receptors | Spironolactone
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| Diuretic used to treat primary aldosteronism | Spironolactone
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| Well-tolerated and are first-line antidepressants | SSRI's, bupropion, and venlafaxine
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| Disease caused by excess ergot alkaloids | St. Anthony's Fire
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| When the rate of drug input equals the rate of drug elimination | Steady state
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| Causes acne, premature closure of epiphyses, masculinization in females, hepatic dysfunction, MI, and increases in libido and aggression | Steroids
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| SE for Lamotrigine | Stevens-Johnson syndrome
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| MOA of thiazolindinediones | Stimulate PPAR-gamma receptor to regulate CHO and lipid metabolism
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| MOA and effect of nitric oxide | Stimulates cGMP which leads to vascular smooth muscle relaxation
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| Thrombolytic that can cause allergic reaction | Streptokinase
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| Aminoglycoside that is least ototoxic | Streptomycin
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|
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| Only member of depolarizing neuromuscular blocker, causes fasciculation during induction and muscle pain after use | Succinylcholine
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| One depolarizing blocker that causes continuous depolarization and results in muscle relaxation and paralysis, xcuses muscle pain postoperatively and myoglobinuria may occur | Succinylcholine
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|
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| Anti-biotic frequently used for chronic UTI prophylaxis | sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim
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|
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| Anti-rheumatic agent also used for ulcerative colitis | Sulfasalazine
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|
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| Anti-microbials that cause hemolysis in G6PD-deficient patients | Sulfonamides
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|
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| Class of drugs that may cause cross-sensitivity with thiazide diuretics | Sulfonamides
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|
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| Triptan available in parenteral and nasal formulation | Sumatriptan
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|
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| " |
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|
||||
| 5HT-1d agonist used for migraine headaches " | Sumatriptan, naratriptan, and rizatriptan
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|
||||
| Drug used for African sleeping sickness | Suramin
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|
||||
| Anti-estrogen used for estrogen receptor + breast cancer | Tamoxifen
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|
||||
| A1a-selective blocker used for BPH | Tamsulosin (Flomax)
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|
||||
| Median toxic dose required for a toxic effect in 50% of the population | TD50
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|
||||
| Beta 2 agonist used to suppress premature labor, but cardiac stimulatory effects may be hazardous to mother and fetus | Terbutaline
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|
||||
| Lethal arrhythmias resulting from concurrent therapy with azole fungals (metabolized by CYP 3A4) and these antihistamines which inhibit the 3A4 iso-enzyme. | Terfenadine and astemizole (have been removed from the market)
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|
||||
| Agents having higher sedation and antimuscarinic effects than other TCA's | Tertiary amines
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|
||||
| Bleomycin+vinblastine+etoposide+cisplatin produce almost a 100% response when all agents are used for this neoplasm | Testicular cancer
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|
||||
| Converted to more active form DHT by 5 alpha-reductase | Testosterone
🗑
|
||||
| Agents used in Huntington's Disease | Tetrabenazine (amine depleting drug), Haloperidol (antipsychotic)
🗑
|
||||
| Longer acting local anesthetics which are less dependent on vasoconstrictors | Tetracaine and bupivacaine
🗑
|
||||
| Drug causes teeth discoloration | Tetracycline
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|
||||
| Drug increases the renal clearance hence decreases levels of lithium | Theophylline
🗑
|
||||
| Window between therapeutic effect and toxic effect | Therapeutic index
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|
||||
| Site of action of loop diuretics | Thick ascending limb
🗑
|
||||
| Anti-thyroid drugs | Thioamides, iodides, radioactive iodine, and ipodate
🗑
|
||||
| Barbiturate used for the induction of anesthesia | Thiopental
🗑
|
||||
| IV barbiturate used as a pre-op anesthetic | Thiopental
🗑
|
||||
| Only phenothiazine not exerting antiemetic effects, can cause visual impairment due to retinal deposits, and high doses have been associated with ventricular arrhythmias | Thioridazine
🗑
|
||||
| Antipsychotic having the strongest autonomic effects | Thioridazine
🗑
|
||||
| SE of amrinone | Thrombocytopenia
🗑
|
||||
| Other side effects of Quinidine | Thrombocytopenic purpura, and CINCHONISM
🗑
|
||||
| Mechanism of action (MOA) utilizes intracellular receptors | Thyroid and steroid hormones
🗑
|
||||
| Antiplatelet drug reserved for patients allergic to aspirin | Ticlopidine
🗑
|
||||
| This beta blocker lacks local anesthetic activity (decreases protective reflexes and increases the risk of corneal ulceration) and used in treating glaucoma | Timolol
🗑
|
||||
| These Beta blockers decrease aqueous secretion | Timolol (nonselective), betaxolol (selective)
🗑
|
||||
| SE of salicylates | Tinnitus, GI bleeding
🗑
|
||||
| Thrombolytic used for acute MI and ischemic (non hemorrhagic) CVA | Tissue plasmin activator
🗑
|
||||
| Similar to clonidine and may cause hypotension | Tizanidine
🗑
|
||||
| Nitrate free intervals are needed due to | Tolerance
🗑
|
||||
| Occurs when sedative hypnotics are used chronically or at high doses | Tolerance
🗑
|
||||
| Topical DOC in impetigo | Topical mupirocin (Bactroban)
🗑
|
||||
| Newer estrogen receptor antagonist used in advanced breast cancer | Toremifene (Fareston)
🗑
|
||||
| Life threatening cardiac event that prolong QT leads to | Torsades de pointes
🗑
|
||||
| Antidepressant also used for sleep that causes priapism | Trazodone
🗑
|
||||
| SE of lithium | Tremor, sedation, ataxia, aphasia, thyroid enlargement, and reversible diabetes insipidus
🗑
|
||||
| Sedation is a common side effect of these drugs, they lower seizure threshold, uses include BAD, acute panic attacks, phobias, enuresis, and chronic pain and their overdose can be deadly | Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA)
🗑
|
||||
| Ganglionic blockers formerly used in HTN | Trimethaphan, and hexamethonium
🗑
|
||||
| Agent with long duration of action and is sost likely to cause histamine release | Tubocurarine
🗑
|
||||
| Long acting insulin | Ultralente (humulin U)
🗑
|
||||
| MOA of general anesthetics | Unclear, thought to increase the threshold for firing of CNS neurons
🗑
|
||||
| Removal of PCP may be aided | Urinary acidification and activated charcoal or continual nasogastric suction
🗑
|
||||
| Major indication for H1 receptor antagonist | Use in IgE mediated allergic reaction
🗑
|
||||
| Reason ergot alkaloids are contraindicated in pregnancy | Uterine contractions
🗑
|
||||
| Agent that inhibits hepatic metabolism, is hepatotoxic and teratogen that can cause neural tube defects and gastrointestinal distress | Valproic acid
🗑
|
||||
| Drug of choice for myoclonic seizures | Valproic acid
🗑
|
||||
| Drugs of choice for generalized tonic-clonic and partial seizures | Valproic acid and Phenytoin
🗑
|
||||
| Anti-seizure drugs used also for bipolar affective disorder (BAD) | Valproic acid, carbamazepine, phenytoin and gabapentin
🗑
|
||||
| Drug used for MRSA | Vancomycin
🗑
|
||||
| Antibiotic causing red-man syndrome, and prevention | "Vancomycin, infusion
🗑
|
||||
| at a slow rate and antihistamines" |
🗑
|
||||
| Almost all local anesthetics have this property and sometimes require the administration of vasoconstrictors (ex. Epinephrine) to prolong activity | Vasodilation
🗑
|
||||
| Antidepressant having stimulant effects similar to SSRI's and can increase blood pressure | Venlafaxine
🗑
|
||||
| Antidepressant inhibiting norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine reuptake | Venlafaxine
🗑
|
||||
| CCB contraindicated in CHF | Verapamil
🗑
|
||||
| Microtubule inhibitor that causes peripheral neuropathy, foot drop (eg. ataxia), and "pins and needles" sensation | Vincristine
🗑
|
||||
| Antidote used for warfarin toxicity | Vitamin and Fresh frozen plasma (FFP)
🗑
|
||||
| Agent used for neurological deficits in megaloblastic anemia | Vitamin B12
🗑
|
||||
| Vitamin given with calcium to ensure proper absorption | Vitamin D
🗑
|
||||
| Antidote to reverse actions of warfarin | Vitamin K or fresh frozen plasma
🗑
|
||||
| Relates the amount of drug in the body to the plasma concentration | Volume of distribution (VD)
🗑
|
||||
| Vitamin K dependent anticoagulant | Warfarin (PT)
🗑
|
||||
| Site of action of thiazide diuretics | Work at early distal convoluted tubule
🗑
|
||||
| Allopurinol treats chronic gout by inhibiting | Xanthine oxidase
🗑
|
||||
| Selective Alpha 2 blocker used for impotence (controversial effectiveness) | Yohimbine
🗑
|
||||
| Pneumonic for beta receptors | You have 1 heart (Beta 1) and 2 lungs (Beta 2)
🗑
|
||||
| Inhibitor of leukotrienes (LTD4) receptors and used in asthma | Zafirlukast and montelukast
🗑
|
||||
| Drug elimination with a constant amount metabolized regardless of drug concentration | Zero order kinetics
🗑
|
||||
| Inhibitor of lipoxygenase | Zileuton
🗑
|
||||
| Syndrome of hypersecretion of gastric acid and pepsin usually caused by gastrinoma; it is associated with severe peptic ulceration and diarrhea | Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| Good hypnotic activity with less CNS SE than most benzodiazepines | Zolpidem, zaleplon
🗑
|
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