The immune response, microbes and disease, and epidemiology
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| Define antigen | something that can trigger an immune response
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| Define innate response | fast acting response, uses limited receptors to recognize molecules shared among large groups of microbes
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| Does the innate response have memory? | No
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| Define adaptive response | slow response, made up of cell-mediate and humoral immunity
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| Does the adaptive response have memory? | Yes
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| List the cells of the immune response | granulocytes, mononuclear phagocytes, dendritic cells, lymphocytes
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| List some granulocytes | neutrophils, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils
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| What do neutrophils do? | phagocytosis in the innate response; most abundant cell in the immune response
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| What do mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils do? | they are involved in the parasite (allergic) response; in innate response
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| List some mononuclear phagocytes | monocytes and macrophages
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| What do monocytes/macrophages do? | monocytes are in the blood, macrophages in tissue; phagocytes; trigger immune response upon detection of invader; use APCs (Antigen Presenting Cells)
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| What do dendritic cells do? | they are messengers; play a role in BOTH innate and adaptive responses; act by carrying signals to T cells
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| List lymphocytes | B cells and T cells
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| What do B cells do? | recognize free antigen using its B cell receptor; will differentiate into a plasma cell and secrete antibodies upon activation with T cells help; is an APC
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| T cells must be shown antigen by one of the following APCs | Helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, natural killer cells
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| What to helper T cells do | have CD4 co-receptor that interacts with MHC class 2 molecule on APC; tells other cells what to do
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| What do cytotoxic T cells do? | Have CD8 co-receptor that interacts with MHC class 1 molecule on ALL NUCLEATED cells; destroys target cells
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| What do natural killer cells do? | augment the CD8 response by recognizing cells that lack MHC class 1
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| What are first line barriers? | skin and mucous membranes
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| What does lysosome do? | enzymes that degrade peptidoglycan; found in tears, saliva, blood, and phagocytes
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| What does perioxidase do? | found in saliva, body tissues, and phagocytes; breaks down hydrogen peroxide to produce reactive oxygen
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| What does lactoferrin do? | sequesters iron from microorganisms; found in saliva, some phagocytes, blood and tissue fluids
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| What do defensins do? | antimicrobial peptides inserted into microbial membrane; found on mucous membranes and in phagocytes
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| What is normal flora? | microorganisms found on body surfaces of healthy individuals; protects through competitive exclusion
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| What are toll-like receptors? | receptors that recognize families of compounds unique to microbes
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Created by:
Sarah.Maxe
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