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Microbiology Exam 4
The immune response, microbes and disease, and epidemiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define antigen | something that can trigger an immune response |
| Define innate response | fast acting response, uses limited receptors to recognize molecules shared among large groups of microbes |
| Does the innate response have memory? | No |
| Define adaptive response | slow response, made up of cell-mediate and humoral immunity |
| Does the adaptive response have memory? | Yes |
| List the cells of the immune response | granulocytes, mononuclear phagocytes, dendritic cells, lymphocytes |
| List some granulocytes | neutrophils, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils |
| What do neutrophils do? | phagocytosis in the innate response; most abundant cell in the immune response |
| What do mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils do? | they are involved in the parasite (allergic) response; in innate response |
| List some mononuclear phagocytes | monocytes and macrophages |
| What do monocytes/macrophages do? | monocytes are in the blood, macrophages in tissue; phagocytes; trigger immune response upon detection of invader; use APCs (Antigen Presenting Cells) |
| What do dendritic cells do? | they are messengers; play a role in BOTH innate and adaptive responses; act by carrying signals to T cells |
| List lymphocytes | B cells and T cells |
| What do B cells do? | recognize free antigen using its B cell receptor; will differentiate into a plasma cell and secrete antibodies upon activation with T cells help; is an APC |
| T cells must be shown antigen by one of the following APCs | Helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, natural killer cells |
| What to helper T cells do | have CD4 co-receptor that interacts with MHC class 2 molecule on APC; tells other cells what to do |
| What do cytotoxic T cells do? | Have CD8 co-receptor that interacts with MHC class 1 molecule on ALL NUCLEATED cells; destroys target cells |
| What do natural killer cells do? | augment the CD8 response by recognizing cells that lack MHC class 1 |
| What are first line barriers? | skin and mucous membranes |
| What does lysosome do? | enzymes that degrade peptidoglycan; found in tears, saliva, blood, and phagocytes |
| What does perioxidase do? | found in saliva, body tissues, and phagocytes; breaks down hydrogen peroxide to produce reactive oxygen |
| What does lactoferrin do? | sequesters iron from microorganisms; found in saliva, some phagocytes, blood and tissue fluids |
| What do defensins do? | antimicrobial peptides inserted into microbial membrane; found on mucous membranes and in phagocytes |
| What is normal flora? | microorganisms found on body surfaces of healthy individuals; protects through competitive exclusion |
| What are toll-like receptors? | receptors that recognize families of compounds unique to microbes |
Created by:
Sarah.Maxe
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