Community Health Nursing
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| What is a community? | A group of people and institutions that share geographic, civic and/or social parameters.
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| Who is a community health nurse? | Nurses who practice in the community.
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| What is the focus of care of communnity-oriented nursing? | Health of the communithy as a "whole". Client: Community
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| What are the nursing activities of a community-oriented nurse? | Health Care: Surveillance and evaluation of the community's collective health.
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| What is the focus of care of Community-based nursing? | Health of individuals, families, and groups within a community. Client: Individual, family, or group of individuals.
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| What are the nursing activities of community-based nursing? | Illness Care: Provision of direct primary care in settings where individuals and families live, work, and "attend" (e.g. schools, camps, parish)
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| What are the goals and functions of community health nursing practice? | Promote, preserve, and maintain the health of populations by the delivery of health services to individuals, families, and groups in order to impact "community health"
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| What are the goals of public health nursing practice? | promote, preserve, and maintain the health of populations through disease and disability prevention and health protection of the community as a "whole"
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| What are the core functions of public health nursing practice? | 1) systematic assessment of the health of populations; 2) development of policies to support the health of populations; and 3) ensuring that essential health services are available to all persons.
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| What is health promotion? | involves stratgies to improve individual and community health
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| What is the community health nurse's role? | 1) preventive services-health education and counseling, immunizations, and other actions that aim to prevent a potential disease or disability, preventive services in multiple community settings, planning and implementing screeing programs for atrisk pops
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| What is the primary prevention focus? | Prevention of the initial occurance of disease or injury
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| What are examples of community health nurse primary prevention activities? | Nutrition counseling, family planning and sex education, smoking cessation education, education on communicable diseases, health and hygeine issues, safety education, prenatal classes providing immunizations, community assessments, disease surveillance
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| What is the secondary prevention focus? | Early detection of disease and treatment with the goal of limiting severity and adverese effects.
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| What are examples of community health nurse secondary prevention activities? | screenings: cancer, diabetes, hypertension, sensory impairments, tuberculosis, lead exposure, genetic disorders/metabolic deficiencies in newborns; treatment of STD's, treatment of tuberculosis, control of outbreaks of communicable diseases
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| What is the Tertiary prevention focus? | maximization of recovery after injury or illness (rehabilitation)
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| What are examples of community health nurse tertiary prevention activities? | nutrition counseling, exercise rehabilitation, case management, shelters, support groups, exercise for hypertensive client (individual)
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| According to Healthy People 2010, what are the leading health indicators? | Physical activity, overweight and obesity, tobacco use, substance abuse, responsible sexual behavior, mental health, injury and violence, environmental quality, immunizations, access to health care
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| What is epidemiology? | The investigative study of disease trends in populations of the purpose of disease prevention and health maintenance.
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| What is the agent in the epidemiological triangle? | The animate or inanimate object that causes the disease.
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| What is the host in the epidemiological trangle? | The living being that will be affected by the agent.
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| What is the environment in the epidemiological triangle? | The setting or surrounding that sustains the host.
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| Who are susceptible hosts? | Altered immunity, altered resistance, risk charcteristics; genetics, gender, age, physiological state, prior disease state, social class, cultural group, occupation
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| What are nonliving (vehicle) vectors? | Clothing, food, and water
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| What are living (intermediary) vectors? | mosquitios, fleas, rodents, and birds
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| What are infectious agents? | Viruses, fungi, bacteria
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| What are physical agents? | Truama, genetics, noise, temperature
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| What are chemical agents? | Drugs, fumes, toxins
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| What are environmental reservoirs and modes of transporation? | Human reservoirs, physical factors, temperature, rainfall, socioeconomic factors, availability of resources, access to health care, high-risk working ocnditions, crowded living conditions
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| What is incidence? | The number of cases detected
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| what is prevelance? | The number of cases in the population at a specific time
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| What is mortality rates | The number of deaths
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| What is attack rates? | The number of people at risk who develop a certain disease
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| What is an epidemic? | When the rate of the disease exceeds the usual level of the condition.
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| What are the phases of the epidemiological process? | Determine the problem, Formulate a possible theory form gathered data, gather information from a variety of sources, make a plan, Put the plan into action, evaluate the plan, and report and follow up.
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| What are the learning theories used in community health nursing? | behavioral, cognitive, critical, developmental, humanistic, and social learning
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| What is the behavioral theory of learning? | focus is on changing behavior through the use of reinforcement methods
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| What is the cognitive theory of learning? | focus is on changing thought patterns through the use of methods that offer a variety of sensory input and reptition.
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| What is the critical theory of learning? | Focus is on increasing depth of knowledge through the use of mehtods such as discussion aqnd inquiry.
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| What is the developmental theory of learning? | Focus is on the human development stage and methods that are age-specific and age-appropriate with importance given to "readiness to learn"
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| What is the humanistic theory of learning? | Focus is on feelings and relationships, and methods are based on the principle that learners will do what is in their best interests.
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| What is the social learning theory of learning? | focus is on changing the learner's expectations and beliefs through the use of methods that link information to beliefs and values.
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| What are the three learning styles? | Visual learners, Auditory learners, Tactile-kinesthetic learners
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| What does it mean that someone is a visual learner? | Learn through "seeing"; Methods: note taking, video viewing, and presentations. They "Think in Pictures"
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| What does it mean that someone is an auditory learner? | Learn through "listening"; Methods: verbal lectures, discussion, and reading aloud. They "interpret meaning while listening"
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| What does it mean that someone is a tactile-kinesthetic learner? | learn through "doing"; Methods: trial and error, hands-on approaches, and return demonstration. They "meaning through exploration"
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