Chapter 9--Learning
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| Cognition | mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, and remembering
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| Concept | mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas or people
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| Prototype | mental image or best example of a category
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| Algorithm | a rule or procedure that guaruntees solving a problem
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| Heuristic | strategies that allow us to solve problems efficently
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| Insight | sudden and often novel realization to the solution of a problem
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| Confirmation Bias | searching for info that confirms our ideas
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| Fixation | inability to see a problem from a new perspective
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| Functional Fixedness | to think of things, only in terms of their usual function
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| Representativeness Heuristic | how well a thing represents or matches a paticular prototype
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| Availability Heuristic | estimate the likelihood of events based upon their availability in memory
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| Overconfidence | tendency to be more confident than correct
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| Framing | the way the issue is posed
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| Belief Perserverance | to stay with one's belief even after it's been disproved
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| Language | our spoken, written or gestured words and the way we combine them
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| Babbling Stage | begins at 4 months, an infant speaks various sounds
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| One-word Stage | one to two years of age, children speak in single words
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| Two word Stage | begins at about 2 years of age, children speak in two word statements
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| Telegraphic Speech | children speak like telegrams using mostly nouns and verbs. no extra words
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| Linguistic Relativity | language determines the way you think
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| Intelligence | mental abilities needed to select, adapt to and shape enviroments
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| Mental Age | chronological age, typical of a given level of performance
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| Stanford Bennet Test | mostly widely used IQ test
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| Factor Analysis | researchers can identify clusters of test items that measure a common ability
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| General Intelligence | your overall intelligence
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| Savant Syndrome | person with limited mental ability has an amazing specific skill
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| Creativity | ability to produce novel and valuable ideas
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| Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale | most widely used intelligence test
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| Aptitude Test | to predict a person's future performance
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| Achievement Test | to assess what a person has learned
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| Standardization | defining scored compared to a pretest group
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| Normal Curve | bell shaped pattern of scores, describes distribution of test scores
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| Reliability | extent to which a test yields consistant results
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| Validity | extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to
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| Emotional Intelligence | ability to percieve, understand and manage emotions
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| Mental Retardation | IQ below 70
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| Down Syndrome | mental retardation and physical problems caused by an extra chromosome
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| Heritability | variation in intelligence test scores due to genetic factors
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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