BIOILOGY
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| show | A STACK OF MEMBRANE BOUNDED THYLAKOIDS IN THE CHLOROPLAST. FUNCTIONS IN LIGHT REACTIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
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| CHLOROPLAST | show 🗑
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| CHLOROPHYLL | show 🗑
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| show | AN ORGANISM THAT OBTAINS ORGANIC FOOD MOLECULES BY EATING THE ORGANISMS OR SUBSTANCES DERIVED FROM THEM
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| PHOTOAUTOTROPH | show 🗑
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| AUTOTROPH | show 🗑
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| show | FLATTENED MEMBRANEOUS SAC IN CHLOROPLASTS. EXIST IN INTERCONNECTED SYSTEM IN THE CHLOROPLASTS AND CONTAIN THE " MOLECULAR " MACHINERY" USED TO CONVERT LIGHT ENERGY TO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
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| ENZYME | show 🗑
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| show | 2 PARTS:
IN THE CHLOROPLAST THT THYLAKOID MEMBRANES ARE THE SITES OF THE LIGHT REACTIONS WHERAS THE CALVIN CYCLE OCCURS IN THE STROMA. THE LIGHT REACTION USES SOLAR ENERGY TO MAKE ATP & NADPH WHICH SUPPLY CHEMICAL ENTERGY & REDUCING POWER RESPECTIVELY TO
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| THREE EXAMPLES OF DIFFERENT PIGMENTS | show 🗑
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| DISCUSS PHOTOSYNTHESIS | show 🗑
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| show | IN THE ABSCENSE OF OXYGEN MANY CELLS USE FERMENTATION TO PRODUCE ATP BY SUBSTATE-LEVEL PHOSPHORYLATION PYRUVATE, THE END PRODUCT IS GLYCOLOSIS, SERVES AS AN ELECTRON ACCEPTOR FOR OXIDIZING NADH BACK TO NAD+ WHICH CAN THEN BE REUSED IN GLYCOLOSIS. 2 OF THE
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| DESCRIBE ALCHOHOL FERMENTATION | show 🗑
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| DESCRIBE LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION | show 🗑
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| show | AN ORGANISM AT WORK USES ATP CONTINUOUSLY BUT ATP IS A RENEWABLE RESOURCE THAT CAN BE GENERATED BY THE ADDITION OF PHOSPHATE TO ADP. THE FREE ENERGY REQUIRED TO PHOSPHORYLATE ADP COMES FROM EXERGONIC BREAKDOWN REACTIONS (CATABOLISM) IN THE CELL. THIS SHUT
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| show | USES ORGANIC COMPOUNDS OXYGEN, CARBON DIOXIDE, WATER & ENERGY.
CATABOLIC PATHWAYS OF ANAEROBIC & AEROBIC RESPIRATION WHICH BREAKSDOWN ORGANIC MOLECULES FOR PRODUCTION OF ATP.
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| ATP YEILD PER MOLECULE OF GLUCOSE AT EACH STAGE OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION | show 🗑
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| DESCRIBE ATP CYCLE | show 🗑
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| show | WITHOUT AFFECTING FREE ENERGY CHANGE (AG)FOR A REACTION AN ENZYME SPEEDS THE REACTION BY REDUCING ITS ACTIVATION ENERGY (EA)
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| show | EACH ENZYME HAS AN OPTIMAL TEMP & PH THAT FAVOR THE MOST ACTIVE SHAPE OF THE PROTEIN MOLECULE. THERMAL AGITATION OF THE ENZYME MOLECULE DISRUPTS THE HYDROGEN IONIC BONDS & OTHER WEAK INTERACTIONS THAT STABILIZE THE ACTIVE SHAPE OF AN ENZYME & THE PROTEIN
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| CONTINUED DESCRIBE AND DRAW ENVIROMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING ENZYME CAPTIVITY (OPTIMAL TEMP FOR 2 ENZYMES) | show 🗑
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| DESCRIBE & DRAW ENVIROMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING ENZYME ACTIVITY (OPTIMAL PH FOR TWO ENZYMES. | show 🗑
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| show | AT A PH OF 2. SUCH AN ACIDIC ENVIROMENT DENATURES MOST ENZYMES BUT PEPSIN IS ADOPTED TO MAINTAIN ITS FUNCTIONAL AND 3 DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE IN THE ACIDIC STOMACH. IN CONTRAST TRYPSIN A DIGESTIVE ENZYME RESIDING IN THE ALKALINE ENVIRO OF THE INTESTINE HAS
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| CONT;3 DESCRIBE & DRAW ENVIROMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING ENZYME ACTIVITY (OPTIMAL PH FOR TWO ENZYMES. | show 🗑
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| show | H+ FLOWS THROUGH ATP SYNTHASE, POWERS ATP GENERATION
POWER SOURCE FOR THE ATP SYNTHASE IS A DIFFERENCE IN THE CONCENTRATION OF H+ ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE INNER MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE. THIS PROCESS IN WHICH ENERGY IS STORED IN FORM OF HYDROGEN ION
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| CONT 1;CONCENTRATION OF H+ INVOLVED IN THE GENERATION OF ATP IN PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS | show 🗑
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| CONCENTRATION OF H+ INVOLVED IN GENERATION OF ATP IN BATERIA | show 🗑
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| STAGES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION | show 🗑
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| show | BREAKDOWN THE GLUCOSE INTO TWO MOLECULES FOR PYRUVATE (OCCURS OUTSIDE THE MITOCHONDRIA) OCCURS IN THE CYTOPLASM & HAS 2 MAJOR PHASES
-ENERGY INVESTMENT PHASE (PUT ATP IN)
-ENERGY PAYOFF PHASE
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| show | DURING GLYCOLOSIS A NET OF 2 ATP MOLECULES ARE MADE
-2 ATP MADE DURING KREB CYCLE
-34 ATP MADE DURING OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION
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| show | H20 IS MADE IN THE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN.
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| show | 2 ATP made in glycolysis
2 ATP made in Krebs Cycle
34 ATP made in ETC
1 NADH = 3 ATP
10 X 3 = 30
1 FADH2 = 2 ATP
2 X 2 = 4
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| HOW IS THE REACTANT OF GLUCOSE (C6H12O6) USED AND PRODUCTS MADE IN CELLULAR RESPIRATION | show 🗑
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| HOW IS THE REACTANT WATER (6H2O) USED & PRODUCTS MADE IN CELLULAR RESPIRATION (FINISH) | show 🗑
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| HOW IS THE REACTANT CARBON DIOXIDE (6CO2) USED AND PRODUCTS MADE IN CELLULAR RESPIRATION (FINISH) | show 🗑
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| show | GETS REDUCED
WITH OXYGEN(O2)PRESENT PYRUVATE CAN ENTER MITOCHONDRIA
FINAL ELECTRON ACCEPTOR USED TO MAKE H2O IN ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN.
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| show | C6H12O6+ > 6CO2+6H2O+ATP+HEAT
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| HOW ARE INTERMEDIATES USED IN CELLULAR RESPIRATION | show 🗑
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| show | ACCENTS FOR MOST OF THE ATP SYNTHESIS OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION OCCURS IN TWO STEPS
#1 ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
#2 CHEMIOSOSIS
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| CITRIC ACID CYCLE IN CELLULAR RESPIRATION | show 🗑
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| show | KREBS CYCLE, TAKES PLACE WITHIN THE MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX.
THE CYCLE OXIDIZES ORGANIC FUEL DERIVED FROM PYRUVATE GENERATING 1 ATP, 3 NADH & 1 FADH2 PER TURN
(2 TURNS, 2 PYRUVATE MOLECULES
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| INTERMEDIATE REACTANTS IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS. HOW, WHERE USED AND WHATS MADE | show 🗑
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| REACTANT OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS OXYGEN (6O2) HOW, WERE USED AND WHATS MADE | show 🗑
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| show | C6 H12 06=GLUCOSE
MADE IN CALVIN CYCLE FROM CO2 & ATP & NADPH
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| REACTANT OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS CARBON DIOXIDE (6CO2) HOW, WHERE USED AND WHATS MADE | show 🗑
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| REACTANT OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS WATER (6H2O)HOW, WHERE USED AND WHATS MADE | show 🗑
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| REACTANT OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS LIGHT HOW, WHERE USED AND WHATS MADE | show 🗑
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| ONE OF TWO STAGES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS | show 🗑
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| show | LIGHT REACTION
THE LIGHT REACTION IN THYLAKOIDS
SPLIT WATER (H2O), RELEASE OXYGEN (O2), REDUCE NADP+ TO NADPH, GENERATE ATP FROM ADP BY PHOSPHORYZATION
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| show | LIGHT+6H2O + 6CO2 > C6H12O6 + 6O2 + INTERMEDIATES
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| DIFFERNCE BETWEEN CHLORAPHYLL A & B | show 🗑
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| show | BECAUSE THEY HELP DRIVE THE PHOTOSYNTHESIS PROCESS
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| WHICH WAVELENGTHS OF LIGHT ARE MOST EFFECTIVE IN DDRIVING PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND WHY | show 🗑
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