The Heart-12
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show | Apex
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Larger, flat portion of the heart opposite the point. | show 🗑
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Tough, fibrous connective tissue outer layer of the pericardium | show 🗑
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Inner layer of the pericardium; a layer of flat epithelial cells | show 🗑
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show | Parietal pericardium
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Serous pericardium that covers the heart surface | show 🗑
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Space between the visceral and parietal pericardia. | show 🗑
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show | Pericardial fluid
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show | Coronary sulcus
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show | Venae cavae
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Carry blood from the lungs to the left atrium | show 🗑
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Carry blood from the right ventricle to the lungs | show 🗑
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Carries blood from the left ventricle to the body | show 🗑
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Supply blood to the tissues of the heart. | show 🗑
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. Large vein that drains the cardiac veins of the heart and empties into the right atrium | show 🗑
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show | Left coronary artery
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show | Right coronary artery
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show | Cardiac veins
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Wall that separates the right and left atria | show 🗑
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Wall that separates the right and left ventricles. | show 🗑
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show | Tricuspid valve
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Atrioventricular valve between the left atrium and left ventricle. | show 🗑
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Cone-shaped muscular pillars in each ventricle. | show 🗑
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show | Chordae tendineae
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show | Semilunar valves
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show | Skeleton of the heart
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Blood flows into the right atrium from the (1) , which returns blood from all the tissues of the body | show 🗑
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show | Right ventricle
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Contraction of the right ventricle pushes blood against the (3) , which closes, and the (4) , which opens, allowing blood to enter the (5) . | show 🗑
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show | Pulmonary arteries,Left
atrium,. Pulmonary veins
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show | Bicuspid (mitral) valve
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show | Aortic semilunar valve
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Thin serous membrane forming the smooth outer surface of the heart; also called visceral pericardium. | show 🗑
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show | Myocardium
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Smooth inner surface of the heart chambers; composed of simple squamous epithelium over connective tissue. | show 🗑
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The energy for cardiac muscle contraction is provided by (1) . | show 🗑
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Cardiac muscle cells have many (2) , where ATP is produced at a rapid enough rate to sustain muscle contraction. | show 🗑
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show | Oxygen
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The cardiac muscle cells are bound to each other by specialized cell-to-cell contacts called (4) , which reduce electrical resistance between cells, allowing action potentials to pass from cell to cell. | show 🗑
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In cardiac muscle, a period of slow repolarization called the (1) phase greatly prolongs the action potential. | show 🗑
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The depolarization phase of the action potential occurs when voltage-gated (2) open, allowing sodium ions to diffuse into the cell. | show 🗑
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When the membrane potential reaches its maximum depolarization, voltage-gated sodium ion channels (3) . | show 🗑
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show | Calcium ion channels
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show | Potassium ion channels,
Repolarization
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Cardiac muscle cells in the SA node have a larger number of voltagegated (7) than other areas of the heart. When their channels open spontaneously, calcium ions diffuse into cardiac muscle causing depolarization | show 🗑
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When the depolarization reaches (8) , this causes the SA node to produce action potentials. | show 🗑
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Action potentials in cardiac muscle cells exhibit a (9) that lasts about as long as the prolonged action potential, and prevents tetanic contractions from occurring. | show 🗑
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show | SA node
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Located in the lower portion of the right atrium; slows rate of action potential conduction. | show 🗑
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Conducting cells that arise from the AV node; rapid action potential conduction occurs here. | show 🗑
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Right and left subdivisions of the atrioventricular bundle | show 🗑
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show | Purkinje fibers
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Record of action potentials during depolarization of the atrial myocardium. | show 🗑
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Record of action potentials from depolarization of the ventricles. | show 🗑
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show | T wave
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show | P-Q
(P-R) interval
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Length of time required for ventricular depolarization and repolarization. | show 🗑
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Process that causes the last 30% of ventricular volume to fill. | show 🗑
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Increases ventricular pressure; bicuspid and tricuspid valves close and aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves open. | show 🗑
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show | Ventricular diastole
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show | First heart sound
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show | Second heart sound
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Caused by leaky valve; swishing sound after valve closure | show 🗑
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show | Stenosed valve
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show | Cardiac output
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Volume of blood pumped per ventricle each time the heart contracts | show 🗑
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show | Heart rate
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show | Venous return
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show | Preload
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show | Increased
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In response to increased preload, cardiac muscles contract with (4) force. Greater force causes a(n) (5) volume of blood to be ejected from the heart, resulting in (6) stroke volume. | show 🗑
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Stretch also causes a slightly (7) heart rate. Therefore, if venous return is decreased, cardiac output is (8) , whereas, if venous return is increased, cardiac output is (9) . | show 🗑
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This direct relationship between preload and cardiac output is called (10) . (11) refers to the pressure against which the ventricles must pump blood. | show 🗑
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show | Increased
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show | Baroreceptors
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Sensory receptors sensitive to changes in pH and carbon dioxide levels. | show 🗑
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. Part of the medulla that receives and integrates action potentials from baroreceptors. | show 🗑
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show | Decreases
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Excitement, anxiety, or anger increases sympathetic stimulation of the heart, which _____ cardiac output. | show 🗑
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show | Increase
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show | Increase
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show | Decrease
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Decreased body temperature _____ heart rate | show 🗑
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List four functions of the heart. | show 🗑
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Name the four valves that regulate blood flow in the heart, and give their location. | show 🗑
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show | P wave: caused by depolarization of the atria,
atrial systole; QRS complex: caused by
depolarization of the ventricles, ventricular
systole; T wave: caused by repolarization of the
ventricles, ventricular diastole.
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List the two normal heart sounds, and give the reason for each. | show 🗑
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List the effects of parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation of the heart. | show 🗑
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show |
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Created by:
kc66501