The Heart-12
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| Blunt, rounded point; most inferior part of the heart | show 🗑
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| Larger, flat portion of the heart opposite the point. | show 🗑
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| show | Fibrous pericardium
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| show | Serous pericardium
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| Serous pericardium that lines the fibrous pericardium. | show 🗑
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| show | Visceral pericardium
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| Space between the visceral and parietal pericardia. | show 🗑
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| show | Pericardial fluid
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| Groove that runs around the heart, separating the atria from the ventricles. | show 🗑
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| Carry blood from the body to the right atrium. | show 🗑
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| Carry blood from the lungs to the left atrium | show 🗑
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| show | Pulmonary trunk and arteries
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| show | Aorta
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| show | Coronary arteries
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| . Large vein that drains the cardiac veins of the heart and empties into the right atrium | show 🗑
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| show | Left coronary artery
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| show | Right coronary artery
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| Drain blood from cardiac muscle; empty into coronary sinus. | show 🗑
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| Wall that separates the right and left atria | show 🗑
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| show | Interventricular septum
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| show | Tricuspid valve
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| show | Bicuspid (mitral) valve
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| Cone-shaped muscular pillars in each ventricle. | show 🗑
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| Connective tissue strings connecting papillary muscles with the cusps of atrioventricular valves. | show 🗑
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| Valves with three cusps found in the aorta and pulmonary trunk. | show 🗑
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| show | Skeleton of the heart
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| Blood flows into the right atrium from the (1) , which returns blood from all the tissues of the body | show 🗑
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| Blood then flows into the (2) , which completes filling as the right atrium contracts | show 🗑
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| show | Tricuspid valve, Pulmonary semilunar valve, Pulmonary trunk
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| The (6) carry blood to the lungs, where carbon dioxide is released, and oxygen is picked up. Blood returning from the lungs enters the (7) through the four (8) | show 🗑
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| show | Bicuspid (mitral) valve
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| show | Aortic semilunar valve
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| Thin serous membrane forming the smooth outer surface of the heart; also called visceral pericardium. | show 🗑
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| Thick middle layer of the heart composed of cardiac muscle. | show 🗑
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| show | Endocardium
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| show | ATP
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| Cardiac muscle cells have many (2) , where ATP is produced at a rapid enough rate to sustain muscle contraction. | show 🗑
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| show | Oxygen
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| show | Intercalated disk
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| In cardiac muscle, a period of slow repolarization called the (1) phase greatly prolongs the action potential. | show 🗑
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| The depolarization phase of the action potential occurs when voltage-gated (2) open, allowing sodium ions to diffuse into the cell. | show 🗑
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| When the membrane potential reaches its maximum depolarization, voltage-gated sodium ion channels (3) . | show 🗑
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| show | Calcium ion channels
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| At the end of the plateau phase, voltage-gated (5) open and potassium ions move out of the cell, causing (6) . | show 🗑
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| Cardiac muscle cells in the SA node have a larger number of voltagegated (7) than other areas of the heart. When their channels open spontaneously, calcium ions diffuse into cardiac muscle causing depolarization | show 🗑
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| show | Threshold
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| show | Refractory period
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| show | SA node
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| show | AV node
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| show | AV bundle
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| show | Bundle branches
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| show | Purkinje fibers
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| show | P wave
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| Record of action potentials from depolarization of the ventricles. | show 🗑
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| Record of repolarization of the ventricles. | show 🗑
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| show | P-Q
(P-R) interval
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| show | Q-T interval
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| show | Atrial systole
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| show | Ventricular systole
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| Decreases ventricular pressure; aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves close and bicuspid and tricuspid valves open. | show 🗑
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| Occurs at the beginning of ventricular systole; results from the closure of tricuspid and bicuspid valves. | show 🗑
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| Results from the closure of semilunar valves. | show 🗑
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| show | Murmur
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| show | Stenosed valve
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| Volume of blood pumped by either ventricle of the heart each minute (stroke volume X heart rate). | show 🗑
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| Volume of blood pumped per ventricle each time the heart contracts | show 🗑
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| Number of times the heart contracts each minute | show 🗑
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| show | Venous return
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| The degree to which ventricular walls are stretched at the end of diastole is called (2) . | show 🗑
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| If venous return is (3) , the heart fills to a greater volume, which stretches the cardiac muscle fibers, producing increased preload. | show 🗑
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| show | Increased,Increased,Increased
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| Stretch also causes a slightly (7) heart rate. Therefore, if venous return is decreased, cardiac output is (8) , whereas, if venous return is increased, cardiac output is (9) . | show 🗑
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| show | Starling's law of the heart,Afterload
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| People suffering from hypertension have a(n) (12) afterload. | show 🗑
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| Sensory receptors sensitive to the stretch of the walls of the aorta and internal carotid arteries. | show 🗑
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| Sensory receptors sensitive to changes in pH and carbon dioxide levels. | show 🗑
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| show | Cardioregulatory center
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| Increased blood pressure causes stretching of baroreceptors, which increases parasympathetic stimulation and _____ heart rate. | show 🗑
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| show | Increases
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| Epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla _____ heart rate and stroke volume | show 🗑
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| show | Increase
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| Excess potassium ions _____ heart rate | show 🗑
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| show | Decreases
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| List four functions of the heart. | show 🗑
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| Name the four valves that regulate blood flow in the heart, and give their location. | show 🗑
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| show | P wave: caused by depolarization of the atria,
atrial systole; QRS complex: caused by
depolarization of the ventricles, ventricular
systole; T wave: caused by repolarization of the
ventricles, ventricular diastole.
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| List the two normal heart sounds, and give the reason for each. | show 🗑
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| show | Parasympathetic stimulation: decreased heart
rate; sympathetic stimulation: increased heart
rate and stroke volume.
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| c | show 🗑
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Created by:
kc66501