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Chapter 8.1 PSY

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Question
Answer
Define Developmental Psychology   show
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show Piaget's term for a cognitive structure or concept used to identify and interpret information  
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Define Assimilation   show
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Define Accommodation   show
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show ages from birth-2, infants gain an understanding of the world through their senses and their motor activities  
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show The understanding that one thing-an object, a word, a drawing- can stand for another  
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Conservation   show
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show the realization that any change in the shape, position, or order of matter can be recieved mentally  
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Native Idealism   show
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show a belief of adolescents that they are or will be the focus of attention in social situations and that offers will be as critical or approving as they are of themselves  
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Personal table   show
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Zone of proximal development   show
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show A type of instruction in which an adult adjusts the amount of guidance provided to match a child's present level of ability.  
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Preconventional Level   show
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Conventional Level   show
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show Kohlberg's highest level of moral development, in which moral reasoning involves weighing moral alternatives; "right" is whatever furthers basic human rights  
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show Erikson's eight developmental stages for the entire life span; each is defined by a conflict that must be resolved satisfactorily for healthy personality development to occur.  
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show Development from conception to birth  
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show Harmful agents in the prenatal environment, which can have a negative impact on prenatal development or even cause birth defects  
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Critical Period   show
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Reflexes   show
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show Changes that occur according to one's genetically determined biological timetable of development  
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show A person's behavior style or characteristic way of responding to the environment  
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show The strong affectionate bond a child forms with the mother or primary caregiver  
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show Short sentences that follow a strict word order and contain only essential content words  
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show the act of inappropriately applying the grammatical rules for forming plurals and past tenses to irregular nouns and verbs  
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show The process of learning socially acceptable behaviors, attitudes, and values  
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show The developmental stage that begins at puberty and encompasses the period from the end of childhood to the beginning of adulthood  
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Secondary Sex Characteristics   show
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show The onset of menstruation  
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Emerging Adulthood   show
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show A process in which the reductions in the speed of neural transmission lead to a slowing of physical and mental functions  
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Crystallized intelligence   show
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Fluid Intelligence   show
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Successful Aging   show
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show All processes that initiate, direct, and sustain behavior.  
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Instinct   show
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show A theory of motivation suggesting that biological needs create internal states of tension or arousal- called drives - which organisms are motivated to reduce  
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Drive   show
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show The natural tendency of the body to maintain a balanced internal state in order to ensure physical survival  
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show A state of alertness and mental and physical activation  
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show A theory of motivation suggesting that people are motivated to maintain an optimal level of alertness and physical and mental activation  
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show Motives that cause humans and other animals to increase stimulation when the level of arousal is too low ( example: are curiousity and the motive to explore)  
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show The principle that performance on tasks is best when the arousal level is appropriate to the difficulty of the task: higher arousal for simple tasks, moderate arousal for tasks of moderate difficulty, and lower arrousal for complex tasks  
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Social Motive   show
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Need for achievement (n Ach)   show
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show The view that achievement motivation depends on which of four goal orientations (mastery approach, mastery avoidance, performance approach, performance avoidance) an individual adpots  
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Industrial/Organizational (I/O) psychologists   show
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show The conditions and processes responsible for the arousal, direction, magnitude, and maintenance of effort or workers on the job  
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show A state of tension or arrousal that arises from a biological need and is unlearned  
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Metabolic rate   show
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show The four phases- excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution- that make up the human sexual response in both males and females, according to Masters and Johnson  
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show An indentifiable feeling state involving physiological arousal, a cognitive appraisal of the situation or stimulus causing that internal body state, and an outward behavior expressing the state  
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James-Lange theory   show
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Cannon-Bard Theory   show
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Schachter-Singer Theory   show
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Lazarus Theory   show
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Basic Emotions   show
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show A person's characteristic patterns of behaving, thinking, and feeling  
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show Freud's theory of personality and his therapy for treating psychological disorders; focuses on unconscious processes  
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Conscious   show
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show The thoughts, feelings, and memories that a person is not consciously aware of at the moment but that may be easily brought to consciousness  
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show For Freud, the primary motivating force of human behavior, containing repressed memories as well as instincts, wishes, and desires that have never been conscious  
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Defense Mechanism   show
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show A series of stages through which the sexual instinct develops; each stage is defined by an erogenous zone around which conflict arises  
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Fixation   show
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show In Jung's theory, the layer of the unconscious that contains all of the thoughts, perceptions, and experience accessible to the conscious, as well as repressed memories, wishes, and impulses  
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show In Jung's theory, the most inaccessible layer of the unconscious, which contains the universal experiences of humankind throughout evolution  
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Archetype   show
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Self-Actualization   show
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Conditions of worth   show
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Unconditional positive regard   show
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Trait   show
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five-factor model   show
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show The view that personality can be defined as a collection of learned behaviors acquired through social interactions  
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Situation- trait debate   show
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Reciprocal Determinism   show
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show The perception a person has of his or her ability to preform competently whatever is attempted  
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show Rotters concept of a cognitive factor explaining how people account 4 what happens in their lives; either seeing themselves as primarily in control of their behavior & consequences/percieving what happens to them to be in the hands of fate/luck/chance  
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Indiviualism/conllectivism/dimension   show
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Inventory   show
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show The most extensively researched and widely used personality test, which is used to screen for and diagnose psychiatric problems and disorders.  
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California Personality Inventory (CPI)   show
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show A personality inventory useful for measuring normal individual differences; based on Jung's theory of personality  
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Projective Test   show
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show A projective test composed of 10 inkblots that the test-taker is asked to describe; used to assess personality, make differential diagnoses, plan and evaluate treatment, and predict behavior.  
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Thematic Apperception Test   show
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show Easy Temperament  
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Alfred Adler   show
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Oral Stage   show
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Anal Stage   show
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Phallic Stage   show
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Latency Stage   show
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Genital Stage   show
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Excitement Phase   show
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show 2nd Part; blood pressure and tension increase more and breathing becomes heavy and rapid  
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Orgasm Phase   show
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Resolution Phase   show
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Refractory period   show
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show All people progress through the stages in the same order but not at the same rate.  
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A teenagers personal fable includes... (3)   show
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show avoid all punishment or gain a reward  
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Someone who is postconventional would want to...   show
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show "mama see ball"  
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Example of overextension   show
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Increased exercise is important to counteract the body's tendency to....   show
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show Alfred Kinsey  
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Evolutionary theory suggests that gender differences in sexual behavior are caused by gender differences in....   show
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show C) sensory  
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Which theory of emotion suggests that you would feel fearful because you were trembling?   show
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show cognitive development  
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According to Maslow, the need for love and affiliation is satisfied _________ basic biological needs and the need for safety. A) Instead of B) Before C) At the same time D) After   show
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True or False: Cody Realizes that the goals he has set for himself are going to take too much time and effort so he decided to compromise and go for what he considers less difficult but more rational goals. Cody is a good example of a high achiever.   show
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show social needs  
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show Display rules  
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show Basic trust vs. Mistrust  
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show Excitement; plateau  
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show The Cannon-Bard theory  
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Kyla goes to see a therapist who creates an atmosphere of acceptance and nonjudgement. The therapist is establishing ____________.   show
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_______ tends to increase over the lifespan whereas _______ tends to decrease as time goes on.   show
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show Lawrence kohlberg  
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show Sigmund Freud  
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hich of the following theories of emotion suggests that first the physiological response occurs, then the cognitive interpretation of the physiological response occurs, then the appropriate emotion is identified?   show
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The acquisition of symbolic function is first demonstrated in the ______ stage.   show
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show Motivation  
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_______ is an observational technique in which certain behaviors are observed and recorded over a specific period of time; they are used most by ______   show
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show High need for achievement  
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show The James-Lange theory  
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People who believe that whatever happens to them is in the hands of fate, luck, or chance have a(n) _______.   show
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show Adolescence; indentity vs role confusion  
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Lannie is an 18 month old child who has a dog at home. When he sees a horse for the first time, he says to his father, "look at doggie!" What term best decribes Lannie's comment?   show
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