Genetics vocabulary
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| trait | a characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes
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| heredity | the passing of traits from parents to offspring
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| genetics | the scientific study of heredity
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| purebred | an organism that always produces offspring with the same form of a trait as the parent (homozygous)
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| gene | a segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait
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| alleles | the different forms of a gene
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| dominant allele | an allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present; masks the recessive allele
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| recessive allele | an allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present
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| hybrid | an organism that has two different alleles for a trait; an organism that is heterozygous for a particular trait
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| probability | the likelihood that a particular event will occur
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| Punnett square | a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross
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| phenotype | an organism’s physical appearance, or visible traits
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| genotype | an organism’s genetic makeup, or allele combinations
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| homozygous | having two identical alleles for a trait
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| heterozygous | having two different alleles for a trait
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| sperm | a male sex cell
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| egg | a female sex cell
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| meiosis | the process that occurs in sex cells (sperm and egg) by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half
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| mutation | a change in a gene or chromosome
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| mitosis | the stage of the cell cycle during which the cell’s nucleus divides into two new nuclei and one copy of the DNA is distributed into each daughter cell
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Created by:
skrebbeks
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