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Genetics
Genetics vocabulary
Question | Answer |
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trait | a characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes |
heredity | the passing of traits from parents to offspring |
genetics | the scientific study of heredity |
purebred | an organism that always produces offspring with the same form of a trait as the parent (homozygous) |
gene | a segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait |
alleles | the different forms of a gene |
dominant allele | an allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present; masks the recessive allele |
recessive allele | an allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present |
hybrid | an organism that has two different alleles for a trait; an organism that is heterozygous for a particular trait |
probability | the likelihood that a particular event will occur |
Punnett square | a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross |
phenotype | an organism’s physical appearance, or visible traits |
genotype | an organism’s genetic makeup, or allele combinations |
homozygous | having two identical alleles for a trait |
heterozygous | having two different alleles for a trait |
sperm | a male sex cell |
egg | a female sex cell |
meiosis | the process that occurs in sex cells (sperm and egg) by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half |
mutation | a change in a gene or chromosome |
mitosis | the stage of the cell cycle during which the cell’s nucleus divides into two new nuclei and one copy of the DNA is distributed into each daughter cell |