The Eye &The Ear
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| aque/o | water
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| blephar/o | eyelid
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| conjunctiv/o | conjunctiva
delicate membrane lining the inside of the eyelids and covering the eyeball.
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| cor/o | pupil
central opening of the eye, surrounded by the iris, where light rays pass.
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| corne/o | cornea
fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball.
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| cycl/o | ciliary body or muscle of the eye
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| dacry/o | tears, tear duct
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| ir/o irid/o | iris (colored portion of the eye around pupil)
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| kerat/o | cornea
fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball
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| lacrim/o | tears
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| ocul/o | eye
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| ophthalm/o | eye
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| opt/o optic/o | eye, vision
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| palpebr/o | eyelid
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| papill/o | optic disc; nipple-like
region at the back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina.
insensitive to light.
blind spot of eye.
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| phac/o Phak/o | lens of the eye
transparent, biconvex body behind the pupil of the eye. bends (refracts) light rays to bring them into focus on the retina.
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| pupill/o | pupil
central opening of the eye, surrounded by the iris, where light rays pass.
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| retin/o | retina
light sensitive nerve cell layer of the eye containing photoreceptor cells (rods and cones)
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| scler/o | sclera (white of the eye); hard
tough, white outer coat of the eyeball
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| uve/o | uvea; vascular layer of the eye (iris, ciliary body, and choroid)
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| vitre/o | glassy
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| ambly/o | dull, dim
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| dipl/o | double
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| glauc/o | gray
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| mi/o | smaller, less
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| mydr/o | widen, enlarge
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| nyct/o | night
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| phot/o | light
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| presby/o | old age
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| scot/o | darkness
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| xer/o | dry
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| -opia | vision
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| -opsia | vision
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| -tropia | to turn
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| astigmatism | Defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye.
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| hyperopia (hypermetropia) | Farsightednes; Improper focus behind retina
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| myopia | Nearsightedness; Improper focus in front of the retina
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| presbyopia | Impaired vision as a result of old age
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| cataract | Clouding of the lens, causing decreased vision
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| chalazion | Small, hard, cystic mass (granuloma) on the eyelid
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| diabetic retinopathy | Retinal microaneurysms, hemorrhages, or new vascular growth within the retina
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| glaucoma | Increased intraocular pressure resulting in damage to the retina and optic nerve with loss of vision
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| hordeolum (stye, sty) | localized, purulent, inflammatory staphylococcal infection of a sebaceous gland in the eyelid
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| macular degeneration | progressive damage to the macula of the retina
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| nystagmus | repetitive rythmic movements of one or both eyes
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| retinal detachment | two layers of the retina separate from each other
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| strabismus | abnormal deviation of the eye
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| esotropia | type of strabismus
one eye turns inward; cross-eyed
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| exotropia | type of strabismus
one eye turns outward; wall-eyed
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| hypertropia | type of strabismus
upward deviation of one eye
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| hypotropia | type of strabismus
downward deviation of one eye
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| amblyopia | partial loss of vision
lazy eye
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| diplopia | double vision
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| photopsia | bright flashes of light
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| floaters | black spots or filmy shapes
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| scleral buckle | suture of a silicone band to the sclera over a detached portion of the retina
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| macular edema | occurs as fluid leaks from blood vessels in to the retina and vision is blurred
in diabetic retinopathy
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| exudates | fluid leaking from blood
appear in the retina as yellow-white spots
in diabetic retinopathy
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| fluorescein angiography | intravenous injection of fluorescein (a dye) followed by serial photographs of the retina through dilated pupils
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| ophthalmoscopy | visual exam of the interior of the eye
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| slit lamp microscopy | exam of anterior ovular structures under microscopic magnification
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| visual acuity test | clarity of vision is assessed using a snellen chart
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| visual field test | measurement of the area (peripheral and central) within which objects are seen when the eyes are fixed, looking straight ahead without movement of the head
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| enucleation | removal of the entire eyeball
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| keratoplasty | surgical repair of cornea
corneal transplant
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| laser photocoagulation | intense, precisely focused light beam (argon laser) creates an inflammatory reaction that seals retinal tears and leaky retinal blood vessels
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| LASIK | use of an excimer laser to correct errors of refraction (myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism)
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| phacoemulsification | ultrasonic vibrations break up the lens, which then is aspirated through the ultrasonic probe
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| scleral buckle | suture of a silicone band to the sclera over a detached portion of the retina
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| accommodation | normal adjustment of the lens to bring an object into focus
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| anterior chamber | area behind the cornea and in front of the lens and iris.
contains aqueous humor.
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| aqueous humor | fluid produced by ciliary body and found in the anterior chamber.
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| biconvex | consisting of two sides that are rounded, elevated, and curved evenly.
characteristic of the lens of the eye.
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| choroid | middle, vascular layer of the eye, between the retina and the sclera.
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| ciliary body | structure surrounding the lens that connect the choroid and iris.
it alters the shape of the lens
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| cone | photoreceptor cell in the retina;
responsible for color and central vision.
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| conjunctiva | delicate membrane lining the under the surface of the eyelids and covering the anterior eyeball
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| cornea | fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball
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| fovea centralis | tiny pit or depression in the retina that is the region of the clearest vision
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| fundus of the eye | posterior, inner part of the eye
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| iris | pigmented color of eye
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| lens | transparent, biconvex body behind the pupil of the eye. refracts light rays to bring them into focus on the retina.
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| macula | yellowish region on the retina lateral to and slightly below the optic disc;
contains fovea centralis
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| optic chiasm | point at which optic nerve fibers cross in the brain.
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| optic disc | region at the back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina.
blind spot of eye
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| optic nerve | cranial nerve carrying impulses from the retina to the brain (cerebral cortex)
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| pupil | central opening of the eye
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| refraction | bending of light rays by the cornea, lens and fluids of the eye to bring them into focus on the retina
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| retina | light sensitive nerve cell layer containing photoreceptor cells (rods and cones)
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| rod | photoreceptor cell essential for vision in dim light and for peripheral vision
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| sclera | tough, white outer coat of the eyeball
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| thalamus | relay center of the brain. optic nerve fibers pass through the thalamus on their way to the cerebral cortex
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| vitreous humor | soft, jelly-like material behind the lens in the vitreous chamber.
helps maintain shape of the eyeball
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| auditory canal | channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum
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| auditory meatus | auditory canal
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| auditory nerve fibers | carry impulses from the inner ear to the brain (cerebral cortex)
compose the vestibulocochlear nerve
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| auditory tube | channel between the middle ear and the nasopharynx; eustachian tube
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| auricle | flap of the ear; the protruding part of the external ear, or pinna
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| cerumen | waxy substance secreted by the external ear
earwax
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| cochlea | snail-shape, spirally wound tube in the inner ear; contains hearing-sensitive receptor cells
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| endolymph | fluid within the labyrinth of the inner ear
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| eustachian tube | auditory tube
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| incus | second ossicle (bone) of the middle ear
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| labyrinth | maze-like series of canals of the inner ear. includes cochlea, vestibule, and simicircular canals
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| malleus | first ossicle of the middle ear
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| organ of corti | sensitive auditory receptor area found in the cochlea of the inner ear
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| ossicle | small bone of the ear; includes malleus, incus, and stapes
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| oval window | membrane between the middle ear and inner ear
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| perilymph | fluid contained in the labyrinth of the inner ear
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| pinna | auricle; flap of the ear
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| semicircular canals | passages in the inner ear associated with maintaining equilibrium
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| stapes | third ossicle of middle ear
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| tympanic membrane | membrane between the outer and middle ear;
eardrum
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| vestibule | central cavity of the labyrinth, connecting the semicircular canals and the cochlea.
Contains 2 structures, saccule and utricle
help maintain equilibrium
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| acous/o | hearing
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| audi/o | hearing; the sense of hearing
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| audit/o | hearing
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| aur/o | ear
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| auricul/o | ear
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| cochle/o | cochlea
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| mastoid/o | mastoid process
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| myring/o | eardrum, tympanic membrane
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| ossicul | ossicle
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| ot/o | ear
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| salping/o | eustachian tube, auditory tube
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| staped/o | stapes (third bone of the middle ear)
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| tympan/o | eardrum, tympanic membrane
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| vestibul/o | vestibule
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| -acusis -cusis | hearing
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| -meter | instrument to measure
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| -optia | ear condition
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| acoustic neuroma | benign tumor arising from the acoustic vestibulocochlear nerve (eighth cranial nerve) in the brain
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| cholesteatoma | collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sac within the middle ear
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| deafness | loss of ability to hear
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| nerve deafness (sensorineural hearing loss) | results from impairment of the cochlea or auditory (acoustic) nerve
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| conductive deafness | results from impairment of the middle ear ossicles and membranes transmitting sound waves into the cochlea
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| meniere disease | disorder of the labyrinth of the inner ear; elevated endolymph pressure within the cochlea (cochlear hydrops) and semicircular canals (vestibular hydrops)
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| otitis media | inflammation of the middle ear
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| suppurative otitis media | bacteria invades the middle ear and pus formation occurs
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| serous otitis media | noninfectious inflammation with accumulation of serous fluid
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| otosclerosis | hardening of the bony tissue of the middle ear
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| tinnitus | sensation of noises (ringing, buzzing, whistling, booming) in the ears
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| vertigo | sensation of irregular or whirling motion either of oneself or of external objects
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| audiometry | testing the sense of hearing
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| audiometer | electrical device that delivers acoustic stimuli of specific frequencies to do determine a patients hearing loss for each frequency
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| cochlear implant procedure | surgical insertion of a device that allows sensorineural hearing-impaired persons to understand speech
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| ear thermometry | measurement of the temperature of the tympanic membrane by detection of infrared radiation from the eardrum
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| otoscopy | visual exam of the ear canal with an otoscope
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| tuning for test | test of ear conduction using a vibration source (tuning fork)
Rinne test - put against mastoid bone
Weber test - placed on central forehead
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