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MyCh17
The Eye &The Ear
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| aque/o | water |
| blephar/o | eyelid |
| conjunctiv/o | conjunctiva delicate membrane lining the inside of the eyelids and covering the eyeball. |
| cor/o | pupil central opening of the eye, surrounded by the iris, where light rays pass. |
| corne/o | cornea fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball. |
| cycl/o | ciliary body or muscle of the eye |
| dacry/o | tears, tear duct |
| ir/o irid/o | iris (colored portion of the eye around pupil) |
| kerat/o | cornea fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball |
| lacrim/o | tears |
| ocul/o | eye |
| ophthalm/o | eye |
| opt/o optic/o | eye, vision |
| palpebr/o | eyelid |
| papill/o | optic disc; nipple-like region at the back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina. insensitive to light. blind spot of eye. |
| phac/o Phak/o | lens of the eye transparent, biconvex body behind the pupil of the eye. bends (refracts) light rays to bring them into focus on the retina. |
| pupill/o | pupil central opening of the eye, surrounded by the iris, where light rays pass. |
| retin/o | retina light sensitive nerve cell layer of the eye containing photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) |
| scler/o | sclera (white of the eye); hard tough, white outer coat of the eyeball |
| uve/o | uvea; vascular layer of the eye (iris, ciliary body, and choroid) |
| vitre/o | glassy |
| ambly/o | dull, dim |
| dipl/o | double |
| glauc/o | gray |
| mi/o | smaller, less |
| mydr/o | widen, enlarge |
| nyct/o | night |
| phot/o | light |
| presby/o | old age |
| scot/o | darkness |
| xer/o | dry |
| -opia | vision |
| -opsia | vision |
| -tropia | to turn |
| astigmatism | Defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye. |
| hyperopia (hypermetropia) | Farsightednes; Improper focus behind retina |
| myopia | Nearsightedness; Improper focus in front of the retina |
| presbyopia | Impaired vision as a result of old age |
| cataract | Clouding of the lens, causing decreased vision |
| chalazion | Small, hard, cystic mass (granuloma) on the eyelid |
| diabetic retinopathy | Retinal microaneurysms, hemorrhages, or new vascular growth within the retina |
| glaucoma | Increased intraocular pressure resulting in damage to the retina and optic nerve with loss of vision |
| hordeolum (stye, sty) | localized, purulent, inflammatory staphylococcal infection of a sebaceous gland in the eyelid |
| macular degeneration | progressive damage to the macula of the retina |
| nystagmus | repetitive rythmic movements of one or both eyes |
| retinal detachment | two layers of the retina separate from each other |
| strabismus | abnormal deviation of the eye |
| esotropia | type of strabismus one eye turns inward; cross-eyed |
| exotropia | type of strabismus one eye turns outward; wall-eyed |
| hypertropia | type of strabismus upward deviation of one eye |
| hypotropia | type of strabismus downward deviation of one eye |
| amblyopia | partial loss of vision lazy eye |
| diplopia | double vision |
| photopsia | bright flashes of light |
| floaters | black spots or filmy shapes |
| scleral buckle | suture of a silicone band to the sclera over a detached portion of the retina |
| macular edema | occurs as fluid leaks from blood vessels in to the retina and vision is blurred in diabetic retinopathy |
| exudates | fluid leaking from blood appear in the retina as yellow-white spots in diabetic retinopathy |
| fluorescein angiography | intravenous injection of fluorescein (a dye) followed by serial photographs of the retina through dilated pupils |
| ophthalmoscopy | visual exam of the interior of the eye |
| slit lamp microscopy | exam of anterior ovular structures under microscopic magnification |
| visual acuity test | clarity of vision is assessed using a snellen chart |
| visual field test | measurement of the area (peripheral and central) within which objects are seen when the eyes are fixed, looking straight ahead without movement of the head |
| enucleation | removal of the entire eyeball |
| keratoplasty | surgical repair of cornea corneal transplant |
| laser photocoagulation | intense, precisely focused light beam (argon laser) creates an inflammatory reaction that seals retinal tears and leaky retinal blood vessels |
| LASIK | use of an excimer laser to correct errors of refraction (myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism) |
| phacoemulsification | ultrasonic vibrations break up the lens, which then is aspirated through the ultrasonic probe |
| scleral buckle | suture of a silicone band to the sclera over a detached portion of the retina |
| accommodation | normal adjustment of the lens to bring an object into focus |
| anterior chamber | area behind the cornea and in front of the lens and iris. contains aqueous humor. |
| aqueous humor | fluid produced by ciliary body and found in the anterior chamber. |
| biconvex | consisting of two sides that are rounded, elevated, and curved evenly. characteristic of the lens of the eye. |
| choroid | middle, vascular layer of the eye, between the retina and the sclera. |
| ciliary body | structure surrounding the lens that connect the choroid and iris. it alters the shape of the lens |
| cone | photoreceptor cell in the retina; responsible for color and central vision. |
| conjunctiva | delicate membrane lining the under the surface of the eyelids and covering the anterior eyeball |
| cornea | fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball |
| fovea centralis | tiny pit or depression in the retina that is the region of the clearest vision |
| fundus of the eye | posterior, inner part of the eye |
| iris | pigmented color of eye |
| lens | transparent, biconvex body behind the pupil of the eye. refracts light rays to bring them into focus on the retina. |
| macula | yellowish region on the retina lateral to and slightly below the optic disc; contains fovea centralis |
| optic chiasm | point at which optic nerve fibers cross in the brain. |
| optic disc | region at the back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina. blind spot of eye |
| optic nerve | cranial nerve carrying impulses from the retina to the brain (cerebral cortex) |
| pupil | central opening of the eye |
| refraction | bending of light rays by the cornea, lens and fluids of the eye to bring them into focus on the retina |
| retina | light sensitive nerve cell layer containing photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) |
| rod | photoreceptor cell essential for vision in dim light and for peripheral vision |
| sclera | tough, white outer coat of the eyeball |
| thalamus | relay center of the brain. optic nerve fibers pass through the thalamus on their way to the cerebral cortex |
| vitreous humor | soft, jelly-like material behind the lens in the vitreous chamber. helps maintain shape of the eyeball |
| auditory canal | channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum |
| auditory meatus | auditory canal |
| auditory nerve fibers | carry impulses from the inner ear to the brain (cerebral cortex) compose the vestibulocochlear nerve |
| auditory tube | channel between the middle ear and the nasopharynx; eustachian tube |
| auricle | flap of the ear; the protruding part of the external ear, or pinna |
| cerumen | waxy substance secreted by the external ear earwax |
| cochlea | snail-shape, spirally wound tube in the inner ear; contains hearing-sensitive receptor cells |
| endolymph | fluid within the labyrinth of the inner ear |
| eustachian tube | auditory tube |
| incus | second ossicle (bone) of the middle ear |
| labyrinth | maze-like series of canals of the inner ear. includes cochlea, vestibule, and simicircular canals |
| malleus | first ossicle of the middle ear |
| organ of corti | sensitive auditory receptor area found in the cochlea of the inner ear |
| ossicle | small bone of the ear; includes malleus, incus, and stapes |
| oval window | membrane between the middle ear and inner ear |
| perilymph | fluid contained in the labyrinth of the inner ear |
| pinna | auricle; flap of the ear |
| semicircular canals | passages in the inner ear associated with maintaining equilibrium |
| stapes | third ossicle of middle ear |
| tympanic membrane | membrane between the outer and middle ear; eardrum |
| vestibule | central cavity of the labyrinth, connecting the semicircular canals and the cochlea. Contains 2 structures, saccule and utricle help maintain equilibrium |
| acous/o | hearing |
| audi/o | hearing; the sense of hearing |
| audit/o | hearing |
| aur/o | ear |
| auricul/o | ear |
| cochle/o | cochlea |
| mastoid/o | mastoid process |
| myring/o | eardrum, tympanic membrane |
| ossicul | ossicle |
| ot/o | ear |
| salping/o | eustachian tube, auditory tube |
| staped/o | stapes (third bone of the middle ear) |
| tympan/o | eardrum, tympanic membrane |
| vestibul/o | vestibule |
| -acusis -cusis | hearing |
| -meter | instrument to measure |
| -optia | ear condition |
| acoustic neuroma | benign tumor arising from the acoustic vestibulocochlear nerve (eighth cranial nerve) in the brain |
| cholesteatoma | collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sac within the middle ear |
| deafness | loss of ability to hear |
| nerve deafness (sensorineural hearing loss) | results from impairment of the cochlea or auditory (acoustic) nerve |
| conductive deafness | results from impairment of the middle ear ossicles and membranes transmitting sound waves into the cochlea |
| meniere disease | disorder of the labyrinth of the inner ear; elevated endolymph pressure within the cochlea (cochlear hydrops) and semicircular canals (vestibular hydrops) |
| otitis media | inflammation of the middle ear |
| suppurative otitis media | bacteria invades the middle ear and pus formation occurs |
| serous otitis media | noninfectious inflammation with accumulation of serous fluid |
| otosclerosis | hardening of the bony tissue of the middle ear |
| tinnitus | sensation of noises (ringing, buzzing, whistling, booming) in the ears |
| vertigo | sensation of irregular or whirling motion either of oneself or of external objects |
| audiometry | testing the sense of hearing |
| audiometer | electrical device that delivers acoustic stimuli of specific frequencies to do determine a patients hearing loss for each frequency |
| cochlear implant procedure | surgical insertion of a device that allows sensorineural hearing-impaired persons to understand speech |
| ear thermometry | measurement of the temperature of the tympanic membrane by detection of infrared radiation from the eardrum |
| otoscopy | visual exam of the ear canal with an otoscope |
| tuning for test | test of ear conduction using a vibration source (tuning fork) Rinne test - put against mastoid bone Weber test - placed on central forehead |
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