Nclex
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| Effects of hyponatremia on respiratory system | shallow, innefective respiratory movements as a late manifestations r/t skeletal muscle weakness
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| Effects of hyponatremiia on neuromuscular system | generalized skeletal muscle weakness that is worse in the extremeties
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| Effects of hyponatremia on cerebral function | headache,personality changes
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| Effects of hyponatremia on GI system | a. Increased motilty and hyperactive bowels sounds
b Nausea
c. Ab cramping and diarrhea
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| If the client is taking lithium for hyponatremia, why should yu monitor lithium levels? | Hyponatremia can cause diminished lithium excretion, resulting in toxicity
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| What are four conditions that cause decreased sodium excretion can result in hypernatremia? | a. corticosterods
b. Cushing syndrome
c. renal failure
d. hyperaldosternism
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| Effects of hypernatrema on neuromuscular system: | a. Early: sponataneous muscle twitches; irregular muscle contractions
b.Late: skeletal muscle weakness; deep tendon reflexes dimished or absent
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| Effects of hypernatremia on central nervous system: | a. altered cerebral function is the most common manisfestation of hypernatremia
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| Effects of hypokalemia on cardiovascular system: | a Thready, weak, irregular pulse
b. peripheral pulses weak
c. orthostatic hypotension
d. EKG changes: ST depression; shallow, flat or inverted T wave; and prominent U wave
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| Effects of hypokalemia on respiratory system : | a. Shallow, innefectiverespifrations that result from profound muscle weakness of the skeletal muscles of respration
b. Diminished breath sounds
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| Effects of hypokalemia on neuromuscular system | a. Anxiety, lethargy, confusion, coma
b. Skeletal muscle weakness; eventual flaccid paralysis
c. Loss of tactile discrimination
d. deep tendon hyporeflexia
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| Effects of hypokalemia on GI system; | a. decreased motility, hypoactive to absent bowel sounds
b. Nausea, vomiting, constipation, abd distention
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| The max recommended infusion rate is ______ Never to exceed _____ under circumstances | 5-10 mEq/hr
20 mEq/hr
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| Effects of hyperkalemia on respirtory system | Profound weakness of the skeletal muscles causes respiratory failure
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| Effects of hyperkalemia on system: | a.Early: muscle twitches,cramps, paresthesias
b.Late: profound weakness, ascending flaccid paralysis in the arms and legs
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| Effects of hyperkalemia on GI system: | a. Increased motility, hyperactive bowel sounds
b. Diarrhea
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| If renal functon is impaired, prepare to administer | Kayexalate exchange resin that promotes GI sodium absorption and potassum excretion
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| Effects of hypocalcemia on cardiovascular system | a. decreased HR
b hypotension
c. diminished peripheral pulses
d. Ekg changes: prolonged ST interval; prolonged QT intervals
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| Effects of hypocalcemia on neuromuscular system: | a. Irritable skeletal muscles; twitches, cramps, tetany,seizures
b. Parathesias followed by numbness that may affect the lips, nose, and ears in addition to the limbs
c. Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes
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| Effect of hypocalcemia on GI system | a. Increased gastric motility ; hyperactive bowel sounds
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| Effect of hypercalcema on cardiovascular system | a. Increased HR in early phase, bradycardia that can lead to arrest in late phase
c. Bounding, full peripheral pulses
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| Effects of hypercalcemia on resp system | Innefective resp movemengt as a result of profound skeletal muscle weakness
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| Effects of hypercalcema on neuromuscular system | a. Profound muscle weakness
b. Diminished or absent deep tendon reflexes
c. Disorientation, lethargy, coma
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| Effects of hypercalcemia on renal system | a Increased urinary output leadng to dehydration
b. Anorexia,nausea, abd distention, constipation
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| Effects of hypomagnesemia on neuromuscular system | a. twitches :paresthesias
b.positive trosseaus and chvosteks sign
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| hypocalcemia frquently accompanies | hypomagnemesemia
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| Effects of hypermagnesemia on neuromuscular system | a Diminished deep tendon reflexes
b. Skeletal muscle weakness
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| Effects of hypermagnesemia on central nervous system | drowsiness and lethargy that prgreaa to coma
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| A decrease in the serum phosphorous level is | accompanied by a increase in the serum calcium level
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| Effects of hypophosphopatemia on neurmuscular system | a.weakness
b. decreased deep tendon reflexes
c. decreased bne density that can cause fractures and alterations in bone shape
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| An increase in the serum phosphorous level is | accompanied by a decrease in the serum calcium level
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| The problems that occur in hyperphosphatemia center on the hypocalcemia | that results when serum phosphorous levels increase.
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