Medical biochemistry enzymes
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| Hexokinase | show | Glycolysis
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| Phosphoglucoisomerase | show | Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis
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| Phosphofructokinase (PFK) | show | Glycolysis
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| Aldolase | show | Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis
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| show | Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate <----> Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate | Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis
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| Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Dehydrogenase | show | Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis
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| Phosphoglycerate Kinase | 1,3 Bisphosphogycerate <---> 3-phosphoglycerate | show 🗑
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| Pyruvate Kinase | show | Glycolysis
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| show | Pyruvate --> Oxaloacetate | Gluconeogenesis
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| show | Oxaloacetate --> Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) | Gluconeogenesis
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| show | F-1,6-bisP --> F-6-P | Gluconeogenesis
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| Glucose 6-phosphatases | show | Gluconeogenesis
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| Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (E1) | TPP + Pyruvate --> Hydroxyethyl-TPP | show 🗑
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| Dihydrolipoyl Transacetylase (E2 | Acetyllipoamide + Coenzyme A --> Acetyl CoA | show 🗑
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| Dihyrolipoyl dehydrogenase (E3) | show | Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex
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| show | Acetyl CoA + H2O + Oxaloacetate --> Citrate (C6) | TCA Cycle
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| Aconitase | show | TCA Cycle
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| Isocitrate Dehydrogenase | show | TCA Cycle
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| show | alpha-Ketoglutorate --> Succinyl CoA (C4) | TCA Cycle
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| Succinyl CoA Synthetase | Succinyl CoA --> Succinate (C4) | show 🗑
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| Succinate Dehydrogenase | show | TCA Cycle
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| Fumarase | show | TCA Cycle
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| Malate Dehydrogenase | show | TCA Cycle
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| show | G-1-P <---> G-1,6-P <---> G-6-P | Glycogen Synthesis
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| UDP-glucose Pyrophosphorylase | show | Glycogen Synthesis
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| show | Glucose + AA ---> dimer w/ Glycogen Synthase ---> +8 glucose residues ---> Glycogen Synthases finishes | Glycogen Synthesis
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| Glycogen Synthase | Glycogen(n) + UDP-glucose ---> UDP + Glycogen(n+1) | show 🗑
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| Branching Enzyme | Cuts 7 terminal units off ---> forms alpha 1-6 linkage 4 units back | show 🗑
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| show | +Adenylate cyclase | Glycogen Synthesis
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| show | ATP ---> cyclic AMP | Glycogen Synthesis
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| Cyclic AMP | +PKA | show 🗑
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| show | +Phosphorylase kinase, -Glycogen synthase (b) | Glycogen Synthesis
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| show | +Phosphorylase (a) | Glycogen Synthesis
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| Phosphorylase (a) | show | Glycogen Synthesis
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| PKA + Ca2+ | ++++ Phosphorylase kinase | show 🗑
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| Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) | show | Glycogen Synthesis
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| Insulin-sensitive protein kinase | +PP1 | show 🗑
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| show | act* Glycogen synthase, inact* Phosphorylase kinase and Glycogen phosphorylase | Glycogen Synthesis
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| PKB | inact* GSK-3 | show 🗑
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| show | inact* Glycogen synthase | Glycogen Synthesis
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| show | TAGs ---> Fatty Acids | Lipoproteins
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| show | cleaves TAGs (chylomicron) ---> FA + Glycerol | Lipoproteins
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| Apoprotein B-100 | show | Lipoproteins
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| show | fatty acid packaging ---> circulatory system ---> liver | Lipoproteins
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| VLDL | show | Lipoproteins
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| show | after liporprotein lipases extract FAs, VLDL --> IDL and is transported to liver | Lipoproteins
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| LDL | show | Lipoproteins
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| HDL | show | Lipoproteins
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| ACAT | packages VLDL | show 🗑
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| LCAT | HDL scavages cholesterol | show 🗑
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| show | HSL and perilipin | Lipoproteins
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| show | changes conformation, allows lipase to enter lipid droplet | Lipoproteins
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| HSL | enters lipid droplet and cleaves FAs from TAGs | show 🗑
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| Albumin | show | Lipoproteins
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| Lipase | show | Lipoproteins
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| Fatty acyl-CoA synthetase | FA + ATP <--> Acyl adenylate + PPi <--> Acyl adenylate + CoA <--> Acyl CoA + AMP | show 🗑
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| show | Acyl CoA + Carnitine ---> Acyl carnitine + CoA | FA Oxidation
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| Translocase | moves Acyl carnitine into Matrix and Carnitine out to cytoplasm | show 🗑
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| show | Acyl carnitine + CoA ---> Acyl CoA + Carnitine | FA Oxidation
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| Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase | show | FA Oxidation
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| Enoyl-CoA hydratase | trans-delta2-Enoyl CoA + H2O ---> L-3-Hydroxyacyl CoA | show 🗑
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| show | L-3-Hydroxyacyl CoA + NAD+ ---> 3- Ketoacyl CoA + NADH | FA Oxidation
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| Acyl-CoA acetyltransferase (thiolase) | 3-Keyoacyl CoA + CoA ---> Acyl CoA + Acetyl CoA | show 🗑
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| delta3, delta2 -enoyl-CoA isomerase | converts cis-monosaturated FA ---> trans double bond, oxidizable by regular mechanism | show 🗑
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| Enoyl-CoA isomerase | acts on 1st db of polyunsaturated FAs and also trans-delta3 | show 🗑
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| 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase | show | FA Oxidation
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| Propionyl-CoA carboxylase | show | Odd Chain FA
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| Methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase | D-Methylmalonyl-CoA ---> L-Methylmalonyl-CoA | show 🗑
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| show | L-Methylmalonyl-CoA ---(B12)---> Succinyl-CoA | Odd Chain FA
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| Citrate Synthase | show | FA Biosynthesis
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| Citrate transporter | moves Citrate out of Mitochondria | show 🗑
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| show | Citrate + CoA + ATP ---> Acetyl-CoA + ADP + Pi | FA Biosynthesis
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| Malate Dehydrogenase | Oxaloacetate + NADH + (H+) ---> Malate + NAD+ | show 🗑
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| Malate-alpha-ketoglutarate transporter | show | FA Biosynthesis
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| Malic Enzyme | Malate + NADP+ ---> NADPH + (H+) + CO2 + Pyruvate | show 🗑
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| show | brings Pyruvate into matrix | FA Biosynthesis
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| Pyruvate Carboxylase | show | FA Biosynthesis
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| Malate Dehydrogenase | Malate + NAD+ ---> Oxaloacetate + NADH + (H+) | show 🗑
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| show | Acetyl-CoA + HCO3 + ATP ---> Malonyl-CoA + ADP + Pi + (H+) | FA Biosynthesis
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| Malonyl-CoA-ACP transacylase | show | FA Biosynthesis
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| Acetyl-CoA-ACP transacylase | Acetyl-CoA + ACP ---> Acetyl-ACP + CoA | show 🗑
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| beta-Ketoacyl synthase (condensing) | Acetyl-ACP + Malonyl-ACP ---> Acetoacetyl-ACP + ACP + CO2 | show 🗑
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| show | Acetoacetyl-ACP + NADPH ---> D-3-Hydroxbutyryl-ACP + NADP+ | FA Biosynthesis
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| show | D-3-Hydroxybutyryl-ACP ---> H2O + Crotonyl-ACP | FA Biosynthesis
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| Fatty acyl-CoA desaturase | extracts electrons from 2 diff substrates and creates a double bond (saturated fatty acyl-CoA) | show 🗑
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| Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I (CPS I) | show | Pyrimidine Synthesis
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| Aspartate trans-carbamoylase (ATCase) | show | Pyrimidine Synthesis
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| Orotate phosphoribosyl transferase | Orotate + 5--phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) ---> Orotidylate | show 🗑
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| show | Orotidylate ---> Uridylate (UMP) | Pyrimidine Synthesis
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| UMP kinase | show | Pyrimidine Synthesis
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| Nucleoside diphosphate kinase | UDP + YTP ---> UTP + YDP | show 🗑
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| show | UTP + NH3 + ATP ---> CTP + ADP + Pi | Pyrimidine Synthesis
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| PRPP synthetase | Ribose 5-phosphate ---> PRPP | show 🗑
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| Glutamine phosphoribosyl amidotransferase | show | Purine Synthesis
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| IMP dehydrogenase | show | Purine Synthesis
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| Adenylosuccinate synthetase | IMP + GTP + Aspartate ---> Adenylsuccinate ---> Adenylate (AMP) | show 🗑
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| HMG-CoA synthase | show | Cholesterol Synthesis
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| HMG-CoA reductase | HMG-CoA ---> Mevalonate | show 🗑
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| Squalene synthase | Farnesyl pyrophosphate + Farnesyl pyrophosphate ---> Squalene (C30) | show 🗑
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| show | Lanosterol --(19 steps)--> Cholesterol | Cholesterol Synthesis
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| show | Cholesterol ---> Cholesteryl ester (LDL form) | Cholesterol Synthesis
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| Glutaminase | show | AA Synthesis
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| show | alpha-Ketoglutarate + Amino Acid ---> Glutamate + alpha-Keto acid | AA Synthesis
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| ALT | show | Cahill Cycle
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| show | Glutamate <-[schiff base]--> NH4+ + alpha-Ketoglutarate | Urea Cycle
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| Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase-1 | Bicarb + 2ATPs ---> ---> Carbamoyl phosphate | show 🗑
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| show | Orthine +Carbamoyl phosphate ---> Citrulline | Urea Cycle-Mito
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| Argininosuccinate synthetase | show | Urea Cycle-Cyto
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| show | Argininosuccinate ---> Arginine + Fumarate | Urea Cycle-Cyto
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| Arginase | show | Urea Cycle-Cyto
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| Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) | co-enzyme for aminotransferase = transamination | show 🗑
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| Pyridoxamine phosphate | co-enzyme for aminotransferase = transamination | show 🗑
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| show | Glutamate ---> [Schiff base] ---> alpha-Ketoglutarate + NH4+ | Urea Cycle
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| show | Tryptophan ---> Alanine ---> Pyruvate | AA Catabolism
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| Serine dehydratase (PLP) | show | AA Catabolism
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| show | Cysteine ---> Pyruvate | AA Catabolism
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| Serine hydroxylmethyl transferase | Threonine ---> Serine + Folate | show 🗑
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| Glycine cleavage enzyme | Glycine ---> NH4+ Folate | show 🗑
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| Phenylalanine hydroxylase (PKU) | show | AA Catabolism
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| show | Homogentisate ---> Maleylacetoacetate | AA Catabolism
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| show | a-Ketoglutarate ---> Glutamate | AA Synthesis
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| show | Glutatmate ---> Glutamine | AA Synthesis
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| ALT | show | AA Synthesis
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| AST | show | AA Synthesis
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| show | Aspartate ---> Asparagine | AA Synthesis
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| show | Glutamate ---> Ornithine <---> Proline <---> Ornithine <--- Arginine | AA Synthesis
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| show | 3-Phosphoglycerate ---> 3-Phosphohydroxyl pyruvate ---> 3-phosphoserine ---> Serine | AA Synthesis
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| show | Serine + THF ---> Glycine + 5,10-methylTHF | AA Synthesis
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| Glycine synthase | CO2 + NH4 + 5,10-MethylTHF ---> Glycine + THF | show 🗑
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| SAM | Met + ATP ---> SAM | show 🗑
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| SAM | show | AA Synthesis
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| Methionine synthase (B12) | show | AA Synthesis
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| none | show | AA Synthesis
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| Tyrosine hydroxylase | Tyrosine ---> L-Dopa | show 🗑
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| Aromatic AA decarboxylase | L-Dopa ---> Dopamine | show 🗑
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| Dopamine hydroxylase | show | Catacholamine Synthesis
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| Ph-N-Methyltransferase | show | Catacholamine Synthesis
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| Aromatic AA decarboxylase | Tryptophan ---> Serotonin | show 🗑
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| Glutamate decarboxylase | show | Catacholamine Synthesis
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| Histadine decarboxylase | show | Catecholamine Synthesis
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| heme syn 1 | Succinyl-CoA + Glycine ---> g-Aminolevulinate | show 🗑
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| heme syn 2 | (2) g-Aminolevulinate ---> Porphobilogen | show 🗑
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| Porphobilinogen deaminase | Porphobilogen ---> linear Terapyrrole + 4NH3+ | show 🗑
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| Uroporphyrinogen synthase + (uroporphyrinogen III) | Uroporphyrinogen III (isoenzyme) | show 🗑
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| heme syn 5 | Uroporphyrinogen III + Methyl ---> Coproporphyrinogen III + Vinyl ---> Protoporhyrin IX | show 🗑
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| Ferrochetalase | show | Heme Synthesis
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| Heme oxygenase | Heme ---> Biliverdin + CO- | show 🗑
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| Biliverdin reductase | show | Heme Degradation
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| show | Bilirubin changed - transported to intestine - changed back to Bilirubin (bile) ---> Urobilinogen ==> Stercobilin (feces), Urobilin (kidney-urine) | Heme Degradation
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| g-Glutanyl cysteine synthetase | show | Glutathione Synthesis
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| Glutathione synthetase | show | Glutathione Synthesis
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| show | GSH ---> GSSG (glutathione dimer w/ disulfide bridge) | Glutathione Synthesis
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| Glutathione reductase | show | Glutathione Synthesis
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| Creatine kinase | show | Glutathione Synthesis
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| Ribonucleotide reductase | show | Deoxyribonucleotide Syn
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| Thymidylate synthase | show | Deoxyribonucleotide Syn
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| show | Dihydrofolate + NADPH ---> THF + NADP+ | Deoxyribonucleotide Syn
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| none | show | Deoxyribonucleotide Syn
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| show | Thymidylate synthase inhibitor | Deoxyribonucleotide Syn
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| Aminopterin & methotrexate | show | Deoxyribonucleotide Syn
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| Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase | Adenine + PRPP ---> Adenylate + PPi | show 🗑
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| Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) | Hypoxanthine + PRPP ---> inosinate + PPi | show 🗑
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| show | Guanine + PRPP ---> Guanylate + PPi | Purine Salvage Pathway
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| show | Orotate + PRPP ---> Orotidylate | Pyrimidine Salvage Pathway
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| Xanthine Oxidase | AMP ---> IMP ---> Hypoxanthine ---> Xanthine ---> Uric acid ---> Urate | show 🗑
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| Guanase | Guanine ---> Xanthine ---> Uric acid ---> Urate | show 🗑
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| Allopurinol | Xanthine oxidase inhibitor = gout treatment | show 🗑
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| show | Allopurinol ---> Alloxanthine | Gout treatment
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