medication for psych nursing
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| How do typical antipsychotics work? (first generation) | reduction of overt psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations, delusion r/t dopamine blocade in CNS. They also have a sedating and calming effects
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| What are some side effects of first generation antipsychotics? | EPSE (acute dystonia, pseudoparkinsonism, akathesia, long term tardive dyskinesia r/t dopamine blockades
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| What are some anticholinergic side effects? | can't see, can't pee, can't spit, can't shit, and thats "tacky"
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| What are some other side effects of first generation antipsychotics? | sedation, weight gain, orthostatic hypotension, endocring imbalance, sexual dysfunction, photosensitivity, lower seizure threshold causing risk for sunburn and seizures
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| What is neuroleptic malignant syndrome | sever epse high fever, increased BP and HR, rare but life threatening emergency
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| What are some examples of first generation typical antipsychotics? | Haldol, Stelazine, prolixin, navane, M-mobane, loxitane, Chlorpromaxine (thorazine)-Low potency
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| How do atypical second/ third generation antipsychotics work? | reduction of over psychotic symptoms, increase motivation, alertness, and energy by blocking serotonin receptors
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| What are some side effects of atypical second and third generation antipsychotics? | EPSE, anitcholinergic, weight gain, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, type II diabets, and NMS but the incidence is much lower than typical antipsychotics
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| What are some examples of atypical antipsychotics? | clozapine (clozaril)- significant incidence of potentially fatal agranulocytosis and requires CBC check. Others: abilify, geodon, sroquel, risperdol, saphris, zyprexa
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| How do benzodiazepine anxiolytics work? | they potentiate GABA; effects include sedation, anxiety reduction, skeletal muscle relaxation, treatment of seizures
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| What is the most common side effect of benxoiazepine anxiolytics? | drowsiness; it is best used short term because of possible dependence
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| What are some examples of benzodiazepine anxiolytics? | xanax, valium, ativan, librium, tanxene
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| What is Buspirone (BuSpar)? | buspirone is a non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic that is less sedating than benzos and not a controled substance; take effect in about three weeks, and usualy not effective if patient was previously on benzos
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| How do antihistamines work? (nonbenzo) | histamine blockade in CNS causes sedation; not controlled substance
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| What are some examples of non-benzodiazepine anxiolytics? | Buspirone (BuSpar)
antihistamines: visatril, Atarax, Benadryl
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| How do mood stabilizers work? | modifies transport of sodium ions across neuronal cell membranes, and they have a narrow margin of safety
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| What are some side effects of lithium? (mood stablizer) | blood levels, mild nausea, fine tremor of hands, polyuria, weight gain
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| What are some toxic effects of lithium? | coarse tremor, poor coordination, severe nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, dehydration, seizures, coma, death
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| What are some brand names of lithium carbonate? | carbolith, duralith, eskalith, lithane, lithicarb, lithizine, etc
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| How do antileptic drus used as mood stabilizers? | possible actions include enhancement of gaba and stailization of ion transfer across neuronal cell membranes
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| What are common side effects of AED's used as mood stabilizers? | sedation, poor coordination, and ataxia
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| What are some drugs that are approved as mood stabilizers? | depakote (need to monitor liver tests), tegretol (monitor liver and CBC for agranulocytosis), Lamictal ( can cause severe skin problems such as steven's johnson syndrome)
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| How do SSRI's work? | inhibition of serotonin increases levels at receptor sites. It is the first line therapy for depression and anxiety disorders
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| What are some common side effects of SSRI's? | nausea, diarrhea, headache, insomnia, sense of feeling wired, spaced out, significant incidence of sexual problems, and rare occurrence of serotonin syndrome
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| What are some examples of SSRI's? | prozac, zoloft, paixil, celexa, luvox, lexapro
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| What are novel dual action antidepressants? | they are also a first line therapy but better than SSRI because the have a lower incidene of sexual side effects; most are serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
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| What is buproprion (wellbutrin)? | it is a NDRI norepinephrine dopamine reuptake inhibitor
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| What is traazadone? | trazadone is a much older drug used only as a bedtime sedative. Safe to use in combination of SSRIs
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| What are some example of novel antidepressants? | effexor, pristiq, remeron, cymbalta, wellbutrin, zyban, drazadone
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| What are TCA's? | older group of antidepressants that are still widely used; inhibit reuptake of norepinphrine and serotonin, causes significant sedation, high incidence of anticholinergic side effects, tachycardia can be problematic, increased appetite and weight gain
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| What are some examples of TCA's? | elavil, asendin, norpramine, doxepin, tofranil, aventyl, vivactil, sumontil, ludiomil
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| How do MAOI's work? | inhibits monoamine oxidase an enzyme that destroys norepinephrine and serotonin. Can cause hypertensive crisi due to interactions with foods and medications (sudafed)
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| What are some examples of MAOI's? | Nardil, Parnate, EmSam transdermal patch
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| What are some side effects of cns stimulatns and other meds that are used for ADHD? | insomnia, decreased appetite leading to studnted growh, and recreational use can cause a high and lead to dependence
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| How do CNS stimulants work for ADHD treatment? | Selective increase in CNS levels of norepinephrine improves ability to focus
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| What are some examples of CNS stimulants? | Ritalin, Concerta, amphetamine mixture (adderal), Dexedrine, Strattera, Cylert
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| How do drugs used to control alzheimers and dementia? | they are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors-increase levels of acetycholine by inhibiting the enzyme that destroys it.N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists bind with glutamate receptors that may be overactivated in alzheimers disease
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| What is the goal of alzheimers and dementia therapy? | to stabilize cognitive function, delay decline, and improve quality of life
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| What are some side effects of drugs used to maintain cognitive function in alzheimers dementia? | diarrhea/weight loss
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| What are some examples of alzheimers and dementia medications? | aricept, exelon, reminyl, and namenda
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