Animal Science 200 Nutrition Flash Cards
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| Who discovered? | Dr. Stephen Babcock: Early 1900'2
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| Nutrients needed for... | maintain, reproduce, work, lactate, grow, lay eggs, produce wool, digest
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| How is profit made | Privide nutrients adequately and economically
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| 6 Classes of Nutrients | water, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals
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| Water Requirement | 50-75% of body mass is water; Water alone can support life for one month
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| Water Functions | Metabolism (Universal Solvent); Temperature regulation
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| Feeds Water Content | Corn 14%, Alfalfa 10%, Sorghum 11%, Bermuda Grass 70%
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| Carbohydrates process | energy is stored in plants through photosynthesis, releases in animals during digestion
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| Sources of energy | Starch -> Glucose; Cellulose -> VFA
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| Lipids | insoluble in water
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| Protein Composition | 16% is nitrogen
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| Amino Acids discovery | WC Rose 1930's in Rodents effect growth(?)
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| Required Amino Acids for chicken | Proline and either glycine or cerins
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| Required Amino Acids for cats | tuarine
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| PVT (tim hall) - Essential AA's | phenylaline; valine; tryptophan
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| (pvt) TIM (hall) - Essential AA's | threonine; isoleucine; methionine
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| (pvt tim) HALL - Essential AA's | histidine; arginine; lysine; leucine
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| What is a vitamin | "Vital amines" -not CHO, protein, or fat; required in small amounts
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| Vitamin background | early 1900's research explosion; included in diets as premix; deficiencies lead to disease
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| 2 Classification of Vitamins | Fat soluble and water soluble
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| Fat Soluble vitamins | A,D,E,K
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| Water soluble vitamins | ascorbic acid (C), niacin, biotin, choline, cobalamin, folic acid, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine (B6), riboflavin, thiamin
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| Vitamin A function | Vision, skin, reproduction
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| Vitamin D function | Ca and D absorption
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| Vitamin E function | antioxidant, fetal death, muscle weakness
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| Vitamin K function | blood coagulation
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| Vitamin B function | coenzymes
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| Choline function | neural transmission; phospholipids
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| Folic acid function | purine formation; C transfer
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| Vitamin C function | collagen, Vitamin E recycling
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| Pantothenic Acid deficiency | goose stepping - nervous disorder
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| Vitamin D deficiency | Rickets - weak bones, bent
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| Thiamine deficiency | Opisthotonous - Nervous System damage
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| Nicotinic Acid deficiency | Retarded Development - Giant
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| What are minerals and 2 types | inorganic (elements); macrominerals and microminerals
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| Mineral function | body structure (bones and teeth), enzyme function, acid-base balance
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| Macrominerals | Large quantities required; Ca, K, Cl, Na, P, S, MG
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| Microminerals | Small quantities required; Cr, Mo, Ni, Se, Si, Sn, V, Vn, Co, Cu, F, I, Fe, Mn
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| Calcium and Phosphorous | Bone formation and maintenance
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| magnesium | bone formaion and nervousness
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| Sulfur | protein and wool
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| Iron | RBC
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| Copper | enzyme component
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| Iodine | metabolic rate
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| cobalt | B 12
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| Sodium, Potassium, Chlorine | Maintain calls
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| Mn, Zn, Sn, molybdenum | enzyme co-factor
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| flourine | bones and teeth
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| iron deficiency | growth retardation
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| selenium deficiency | white muscle disease
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| zinc deficiency | scaly skin
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| selenium toxicity | hoofs slough off
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| Digestion goal | Reduce feed size; release nutrients
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| 3 types of animal digestion classification | Herbivore, omnivore, carnivore
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| Monogastrics types | main type; simple stomach, avian, pseudo ruminants
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| Ruminants types | cattle, pseudo ruminants
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| monogastric function | chemical secretions and enzymes important; limited microbial action and fiber digestion
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| monogastric path | mouth-> esophagus-> stomach-> intestine
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| small intestine parts | duodenum, jujenum, ileum
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| Pancreatic secretions | decrease particle size for absorption; fats to fatty acids, proteins to peptides, peptides to amino acids, starch to disaccharides, disaccharides to monosaccharides
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| absorption occurs in | jejunum and upper ileum
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| Large intestine | cecum; worthless in omnivores
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| Monogastric herbivores | horse - small stomach (comparatively), highly developed cecum
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| avian digestion path | esophogus-> crop-> esophogus-> proventriculus-> spleen-> gallbladder-> gizzard-> pancreas-> liver-> small intestine
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| Ruminant path | esophagus-> reticulum, omasum, rumen abomasum
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| Ruminant Benefits | uses matter other animals cannot, rumen microbes synthesize important nutrients
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| Camelids stomach | 3 chambered stomach, one true stomach
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