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An Sci 200 Nutrition
Animal Science 200 Nutrition Flash Cards
| Nutrition Cues | Nutrition Answers |
|---|---|
| Who discovered? | Dr. Stephen Babcock: Early 1900'2 |
| Nutrients needed for... | maintain, reproduce, work, lactate, grow, lay eggs, produce wool, digest |
| How is profit made | Privide nutrients adequately and economically |
| 6 Classes of Nutrients | water, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals |
| Water Requirement | 50-75% of body mass is water; Water alone can support life for one month |
| Water Functions | Metabolism (Universal Solvent); Temperature regulation |
| Feeds Water Content | Corn 14%, Alfalfa 10%, Sorghum 11%, Bermuda Grass 70% |
| Carbohydrates process | energy is stored in plants through photosynthesis, releases in animals during digestion |
| Sources of energy | Starch -> Glucose; Cellulose -> VFA |
| Lipids | insoluble in water |
| Protein Composition | 16% is nitrogen |
| Amino Acids discovery | WC Rose 1930's in Rodents effect growth(?) |
| Required Amino Acids for chicken | Proline and either glycine or cerins |
| Required Amino Acids for cats | tuarine |
| PVT (tim hall) - Essential AA's | phenylaline; valine; tryptophan |
| (pvt) TIM (hall) - Essential AA's | threonine; isoleucine; methionine |
| (pvt tim) HALL - Essential AA's | histidine; arginine; lysine; leucine |
| What is a vitamin | "Vital amines" -not CHO, protein, or fat; required in small amounts |
| Vitamin background | early 1900's research explosion; included in diets as premix; deficiencies lead to disease |
| 2 Classification of Vitamins | Fat soluble and water soluble |
| Fat Soluble vitamins | A,D,E,K |
| Water soluble vitamins | ascorbic acid (C), niacin, biotin, choline, cobalamin, folic acid, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine (B6), riboflavin, thiamin |
| Vitamin A function | Vision, skin, reproduction |
| Vitamin D function | Ca and D absorption |
| Vitamin E function | antioxidant, fetal death, muscle weakness |
| Vitamin K function | blood coagulation |
| Vitamin B function | coenzymes |
| Choline function | neural transmission; phospholipids |
| Folic acid function | purine formation; C transfer |
| Vitamin C function | collagen, Vitamin E recycling |
| Pantothenic Acid deficiency | goose stepping - nervous disorder |
| Vitamin D deficiency | Rickets - weak bones, bent |
| Thiamine deficiency | Opisthotonous - Nervous System damage |
| Nicotinic Acid deficiency | Retarded Development - Giant |
| What are minerals and 2 types | inorganic (elements); macrominerals and microminerals |
| Mineral function | body structure (bones and teeth), enzyme function, acid-base balance |
| Macrominerals | Large quantities required; Ca, K, Cl, Na, P, S, MG |
| Microminerals | Small quantities required; Cr, Mo, Ni, Se, Si, Sn, V, Vn, Co, Cu, F, I, Fe, Mn |
| Calcium and Phosphorous | Bone formation and maintenance |
| magnesium | bone formaion and nervousness |
| Sulfur | protein and wool |
| Iron | RBC |
| Copper | enzyme component |
| Iodine | metabolic rate |
| cobalt | B 12 |
| Sodium, Potassium, Chlorine | Maintain calls |
| Mn, Zn, Sn, molybdenum | enzyme co-factor |
| flourine | bones and teeth |
| iron deficiency | growth retardation |
| selenium deficiency | white muscle disease |
| zinc deficiency | scaly skin |
| selenium toxicity | hoofs slough off |
| Digestion goal | Reduce feed size; release nutrients |
| 3 types of animal digestion classification | Herbivore, omnivore, carnivore |
| Monogastrics types | main type; simple stomach, avian, pseudo ruminants |
| Ruminants types | cattle, pseudo ruminants |
| monogastric function | chemical secretions and enzymes important; limited microbial action and fiber digestion |
| monogastric path | mouth-> esophagus-> stomach-> intestine |
| small intestine parts | duodenum, jujenum, ileum |
| Pancreatic secretions | decrease particle size for absorption; fats to fatty acids, proteins to peptides, peptides to amino acids, starch to disaccharides, disaccharides to monosaccharides |
| absorption occurs in | jejunum and upper ileum |
| Large intestine | cecum; worthless in omnivores |
| Monogastric herbivores | horse - small stomach (comparatively), highly developed cecum |
| avian digestion path | esophogus-> crop-> esophogus-> proventriculus-> spleen-> gallbladder-> gizzard-> pancreas-> liver-> small intestine |
| Ruminant path | esophagus-> reticulum, omasum, rumen abomasum |
| Ruminant Benefits | uses matter other animals cannot, rumen microbes synthesize important nutrients |
| Camelids stomach | 3 chambered stomach, one true stomach |
Created by:
frogball88
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