"Biosphere" TEST Review
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| The nature of the ___ in large measure determines what organisms live in a place. | Physical environment
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| The ability of an organism to maintain stable internal conditions regardless of the external environment | Homeostasis
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| Evolutionary adaptations are a result of ___ | Natural selection
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| As savannas are increasingly converted to ___ , their inhabitants are struggling to survive | Agriculture
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| Biomes occur worldwide and can be defined by ___ and temperature | Precipitation
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| Contains at least half of the earth's species of terrestrial plants and animals | Tropical rain forest
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| Extensive tropical rain forests in S. America, Southwestern Asia, and ___ | Africa
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| Grasslands are also referred to as ___ | Prairies
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| Great grasslands of the world | Savannas
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| Hardwood forests | Temperate deciduous forests
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| Less than 25 cm of rain per year | Deserts
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| Occur in regions where winters are cold and there is a strong, seasonal dry period | Temperate evergreen forests
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| Major communities of organisms that have characteristic appearance and that are distributed over a wide land area | Biomes
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| On a global scale, a savanna biome is transitional between desert and ___ | Tropical rain forest
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| One of the largest biomes on earth, long cold winters and dry summers | Tundra
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| Permanent ice, usually within a meter of the surface | Permafrost
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| Tree which drops its leaves in the winter | Deciduous
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| Tree which has leaves like needles that are kept all year round | Coniferous
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| Patterns of ocean circulation are determined by the patterns of the ___ | Atmospheric circulation
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| ___ carries phosphorus-rich cold water N up the west coast | Humboldt current
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| The ___ of the western Pacific Ocean reaches nearly 11 km in depth | Marianas Trench
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| Nearly ___ of the earth's surface is covered by ocean | 75%
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| ___ is the process by which organisms obtain energy from reduced chemicals fuming out of deep-sea hydrothermal vents | Chemosynthesis
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| Area of water just above the ocean floor | Pelagic zone
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| Huge, swirling areas of high pressure which dominate oceanic circulation | Gyres
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| Free floating, microscopic organisms are called ___ | Plankton
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| Part of the neritic zone which is exposed to the air whenever the tides recede | Littoral zone
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| ___ allows animals in the deep oceans to communicate with one another or to attract their prey | Bioluminescence
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| ___ is the warmer water which forms a layer at the surface of large lakes in temperate regions during the summer | Epilimnion
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| In ___ , organic matter and nutrients are relatively scarce and these bodies of water are often deeper and have clear water | Oligotrophic lakes
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| Begins with a slack in the prevailing westerly winds on the eastern side of the Pacific Ocean | El Nino
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| Deep water areas of the open oceans | Abyssal zone
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| ___ are characteristic of India and Southern Asia | Monsoons
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| At least 40% of all photosynthesis in the world is carried out by ___ | Plankton
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| Includes all living communities on earth | Biosphere
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| Maintenance of a stead internal environment no matter the external conditions | Homeostasis
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| Animals whose body is capable of maintaining a constant internal temperature | Endotherm
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| Mammals from colder climates tend to have shorter ears and limbs | Allen's Rule
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| Larger bodies of mammals in colder climates, an effort to lesson heat loss, is a statement of | Bergman's Rule
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| Percentage of earth's surface covered by inland lakes | 1.8%
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| ___ zone of a lake lies where light cannot penetrate | Profundal
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| ___ are among the most naturally fertile areas in the world (transitional biomes) | Wetlands
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| ___ are an equatorial region of rising air and low pressure | Doldrums
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| Organisms that are large enough to swim independently and feed on microscopic organisms and each other | Nekton
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| The earth radiates heat back to space in the form of | Longwave radiation
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| Leeward side of a mountain range is drier than the ocean side | Rain shadow effect
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| Describes the elevation above which trees do not grow | Timberline
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| Localized climactic conditions that can be very different from those of the overhead atmosphere | Microclimate
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