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Ch. 29 The Biosphere
"Biosphere" TEST Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The nature of the ___ in large measure determines what organisms live in a place. | Physical environment |
| The ability of an organism to maintain stable internal conditions regardless of the external environment | Homeostasis |
| Evolutionary adaptations are a result of ___ | Natural selection |
| As savannas are increasingly converted to ___ , their inhabitants are struggling to survive | Agriculture |
| Biomes occur worldwide and can be defined by ___ and temperature | Precipitation |
| Contains at least half of the earth's species of terrestrial plants and animals | Tropical rain forest |
| Extensive tropical rain forests in S. America, Southwestern Asia, and ___ | Africa |
| Grasslands are also referred to as ___ | Prairies |
| Great grasslands of the world | Savannas |
| Hardwood forests | Temperate deciduous forests |
| Less than 25 cm of rain per year | Deserts |
| Occur in regions where winters are cold and there is a strong, seasonal dry period | Temperate evergreen forests |
| Major communities of organisms that have characteristic appearance and that are distributed over a wide land area | Biomes |
| On a global scale, a savanna biome is transitional between desert and ___ | Tropical rain forest |
| One of the largest biomes on earth, long cold winters and dry summers | Tundra |
| Permanent ice, usually within a meter of the surface | Permafrost |
| Tree which drops its leaves in the winter | Deciduous |
| Tree which has leaves like needles that are kept all year round | Coniferous |
| Patterns of ocean circulation are determined by the patterns of the ___ | Atmospheric circulation |
| ___ carries phosphorus-rich cold water N up the west coast | Humboldt current |
| The ___ of the western Pacific Ocean reaches nearly 11 km in depth | Marianas Trench |
| Nearly ___ of the earth's surface is covered by ocean | 75% |
| ___ is the process by which organisms obtain energy from reduced chemicals fuming out of deep-sea hydrothermal vents | Chemosynthesis |
| Area of water just above the ocean floor | Pelagic zone |
| Huge, swirling areas of high pressure which dominate oceanic circulation | Gyres |
| Free floating, microscopic organisms are called ___ | Plankton |
| Part of the neritic zone which is exposed to the air whenever the tides recede | Littoral zone |
| ___ allows animals in the deep oceans to communicate with one another or to attract their prey | Bioluminescence |
| ___ is the warmer water which forms a layer at the surface of large lakes in temperate regions during the summer | Epilimnion |
| In ___ , organic matter and nutrients are relatively scarce and these bodies of water are often deeper and have clear water | Oligotrophic lakes |
| Begins with a slack in the prevailing westerly winds on the eastern side of the Pacific Ocean | El Nino |
| Deep water areas of the open oceans | Abyssal zone |
| ___ are characteristic of India and Southern Asia | Monsoons |
| At least 40% of all photosynthesis in the world is carried out by ___ | Plankton |
| Includes all living communities on earth | Biosphere |
| Maintenance of a stead internal environment no matter the external conditions | Homeostasis |
| Animals whose body is capable of maintaining a constant internal temperature | Endotherm |
| Mammals from colder climates tend to have shorter ears and limbs | Allen's Rule |
| Larger bodies of mammals in colder climates, an effort to lesson heat loss, is a statement of | Bergman's Rule |
| Percentage of earth's surface covered by inland lakes | 1.8% |
| ___ zone of a lake lies where light cannot penetrate | Profundal |
| ___ are among the most naturally fertile areas in the world (transitional biomes) | Wetlands |
| ___ are an equatorial region of rising air and low pressure | Doldrums |
| Organisms that are large enough to swim independently and feed on microscopic organisms and each other | Nekton |
| The earth radiates heat back to space in the form of | Longwave radiation |
| Leeward side of a mountain range is drier than the ocean side | Rain shadow effect |
| Describes the elevation above which trees do not grow | Timberline |
| Localized climactic conditions that can be very different from those of the overhead atmosphere | Microclimate |
Created by:
SavannahElkins
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