Blair AS vocabulary (Animal Science)
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| Nutrition | the study of the food needs to the body
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| Diet | daily supply of food and water to meet an animals nutrient and energy requirements.
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| Ingredients | edible material that may provide nutrients and energy.
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| Carbohydrates | one of 3 classes of energy producing nutrients. Dietary carbohydrates which provides dogs and cats with a readily available source of energy, plus fiber for gastrointestinal tract health. (GI)
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| EAA | Essential Amino Acid
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| NAA | Nonessential Amino Acid
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| Phospholipids | important components of all cell membranes and or present in both food and in the body.
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| Dietary Fats | Has many functions maintaining cell membranes integrity improving a pets food palatability.
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| Vitamins | Organic molecules that are required in tiny amounts of fat. it helps to release energy from carbohydrates, proteins and fat.
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| digestion | processing aspects of nutrition which the ingested food is broken down into the basic biochemical compounds and is absorbed through the walls of the intestinal tract into the blood stream.
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| Nutrients | the foods that are necessary for the substance of life that include water, protein, fat, carbohydrates, carbon and minerals.
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| Nonessential amino acids | are acids that can be produced to meet its needs
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| malnutrition | abnormal nutrition; caused by a diet that contains too much or too little of one or more essential nutrients.
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| energy | ability to do work; all body activities require energy and all needs are met by consuming food, which contains energy in chemical form; energy content of food is expressed as kilocalories (kcal)
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| energy basis | concentration of a nutrient in food expressed per unit of energy, usually per 100 kilocalories (kcal) of metabolizable energy (e.g., g/100 kcal ME)
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| metabolizable energy (ME) | amount of energy in a food available for the body's use; measured in calories or kilocalories (kcal; 1,000 calories = 1 kcal)
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| Bioavailable | the ability of a nutrient drug or other substances to be absorbed and used by the body.
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| Energy density | number of calories provided by a given weight or volume of pet food expressed as kilocalories of metabolizable energy per kilogram or pound of diet.
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| Adlibitum | free choice or always available dog food or cat food.
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| F.D.A | Food and Drug Association
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| solvent | liquid in which another substance is dissolved to form a solution
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| hydrolysis | process by which complex materials are broken down into simpler ones by adding water; one of the most basic and prevalent life processes
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| maintenance | the amount and quality of the diet required to maintain an adult animal without providing additional nutrients for production, reproduction or weight gain
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| metabolism | all of the complex, interrelated chemical and physical processes that make life possible; includes anabolism, the process by which organic substances are built and maintained, and catabolism.
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| calorie | amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water from 14.5° Celsius (C) to 15.5° C
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| lean body mass | fat-free mass of the body; that part of the body including all its components except fat (stored lipids)
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| additives | substances added to food, including preservatives, colorings and flavorings
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| amino acids | the basic building blocks of protein; any of several organic compounds containing amino (–NH2) and carboxyl (–COOH) groups and occurring naturally in plants and animals
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| preservatives | the basic building blocks of protein; any of several organic compounds containing amino (–NH2) and carboxyl (–COOH) groups and occurring naturally in plants and animals
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| protein | An essential dietary nutrient protein that supplies dogs and cats with amino acids to build proteins for a wide range of the body functions.
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| minerals | members of this nutrient class are essential for life-sustaining metabolic processes.
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| water | water is the most critical nutrient that is required by dogs and cats for survival.
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| digestibility | proportion of nutrients in food available for absorption from the gastrointestinal tract
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| dry matter (DM) basis | method of expressing a food's nutrient content on a moisture-free basis.
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| kilocalorie | 1,000 calories; one calorie is the energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 g water from 14.5° to 15.5° C
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| metabolic water | water in the body that is produced during metabolism of nutrients.
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| pepsinogen | enzyme precursor secreted by the chief cells in the stomach.
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| hydrochloric acid | normal part of gastric juice in cats and dogs.
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| pepsin | protein degrading enzyme that is activated from pepsinogen in the stomach.
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| mucosal lining | the inner layer of the intestinal tract.
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| pathogens | diseases that causes some bad bacteria.
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| halitosis | offensive breath odor
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| acuity | clarity or clearness of a sense such as taste or vision
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| antibodies | proteins that are produced by transformed by lymphocytes (plasma cells) in response to the presence of antigen.
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| A.A.F.C.O | Association of American Feed Control Officials; defines food and feed ingredients that is used in commercial animal feeds and pet foods.
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| anabolism | the constructive phase of metabolism during which the body creates tissues.
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| animal digest | a material that is produced by chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis of clean undecomposed animal tissues.
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| enzymes | any protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body by acting as a catalysts.
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| epidemiologic | to the study of disease frequency and distributions in a population.
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| epidermal | reffering to the outer most layer of the skin.
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| essential dietary nutrients | nutrients that the body cannot synthesize at a sufficient rate to meet the body's needs and must be supplied by the diet.
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| cellulose | polysaccharide that is a component of dietary fiber; forms skeleton of most plant structures plant cells.
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| cholesterol | organic molecules that is formed in animal fats and oils, bile, blood, brain tissue, milk, eggs, yolk, myelin etc...
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| coenzymes | organic molecules that is often dervived from vitamins that are required by and enzyme to carry out a metabolic reaction.
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| bile | bitter greenish brown alkaline fluid that aids digestion and is secreted by the liver and is stored in the gallbladder.
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| myelin sheath | Schwann cells wrapped around an axon of a nerve cell that serve as insulation; increases speed of nerve impulse movement.
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| osteochondrosis | disease of growth; center of bones that is characterized by abnormal differentiation of cartalige.
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| zoonotic | a disease that is transmitted from animals to humans.
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| lifestage nutrition | practice of feeding a diet specifically designed to meet the nutritional needs of a dog or cat based on its age.
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| dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) | noninvasive technique that scans the body to determine bone density, lean body mass and fat distribution; adapted from human medicine for use with dogs and cats
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