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Blair AS vocabulary
Blair AS vocabulary (Animal Science)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nutrition | the study of the food needs to the body |
| Diet | daily supply of food and water to meet an animals nutrient and energy requirements. |
| Ingredients | edible material that may provide nutrients and energy. |
| Carbohydrates | one of 3 classes of energy producing nutrients. Dietary carbohydrates which provides dogs and cats with a readily available source of energy, plus fiber for gastrointestinal tract health. (GI) |
| EAA | Essential Amino Acid |
| NAA | Nonessential Amino Acid |
| Phospholipids | important components of all cell membranes and or present in both food and in the body. |
| Dietary Fats | Has many functions maintaining cell membranes integrity improving a pets food palatability. |
| Vitamins | Organic molecules that are required in tiny amounts of fat. it helps to release energy from carbohydrates, proteins and fat. |
| digestion | processing aspects of nutrition which the ingested food is broken down into the basic biochemical compounds and is absorbed through the walls of the intestinal tract into the blood stream. |
| Nutrients | the foods that are necessary for the substance of life that include water, protein, fat, carbohydrates, carbon and minerals. |
| Nonessential amino acids | are acids that can be produced to meet its needs |
| malnutrition | abnormal nutrition; caused by a diet that contains too much or too little of one or more essential nutrients. |
| energy | ability to do work; all body activities require energy and all needs are met by consuming food, which contains energy in chemical form; energy content of food is expressed as kilocalories (kcal) |
| energy basis | concentration of a nutrient in food expressed per unit of energy, usually per 100 kilocalories (kcal) of metabolizable energy (e.g., g/100 kcal ME) |
| metabolizable energy (ME) | amount of energy in a food available for the body's use; measured in calories or kilocalories (kcal; 1,000 calories = 1 kcal) |
| Bioavailable | the ability of a nutrient drug or other substances to be absorbed and used by the body. |
| Energy density | number of calories provided by a given weight or volume of pet food expressed as kilocalories of metabolizable energy per kilogram or pound of diet. |
| Adlibitum | free choice or always available dog food or cat food. |
| F.D.A | Food and Drug Association |
| solvent | liquid in which another substance is dissolved to form a solution |
| hydrolysis | process by which complex materials are broken down into simpler ones by adding water; one of the most basic and prevalent life processes |
| maintenance | the amount and quality of the diet required to maintain an adult animal without providing additional nutrients for production, reproduction or weight gain |
| metabolism | all of the complex, interrelated chemical and physical processes that make life possible; includes anabolism, the process by which organic substances are built and maintained, and catabolism. |
| calorie | amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water from 14.5° Celsius (C) to 15.5° C |
| lean body mass | fat-free mass of the body; that part of the body including all its components except fat (stored lipids) |
| additives | substances added to food, including preservatives, colorings and flavorings |
| amino acids | the basic building blocks of protein; any of several organic compounds containing amino (–NH2) and carboxyl (–COOH) groups and occurring naturally in plants and animals |
| preservatives | the basic building blocks of protein; any of several organic compounds containing amino (–NH2) and carboxyl (–COOH) groups and occurring naturally in plants and animals |
| protein | An essential dietary nutrient protein that supplies dogs and cats with amino acids to build proteins for a wide range of the body functions. |
| minerals | members of this nutrient class are essential for life-sustaining metabolic processes. |
| water | water is the most critical nutrient that is required by dogs and cats for survival. |
| digestibility | proportion of nutrients in food available for absorption from the gastrointestinal tract |
| dry matter (DM) basis | method of expressing a food's nutrient content on a moisture-free basis. |
| kilocalorie | 1,000 calories; one calorie is the energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 g water from 14.5° to 15.5° C |
| metabolic water | water in the body that is produced during metabolism of nutrients. |
| pepsinogen | enzyme precursor secreted by the chief cells in the stomach. |
| hydrochloric acid | normal part of gastric juice in cats and dogs. |
| pepsin | protein degrading enzyme that is activated from pepsinogen in the stomach. |
| mucosal lining | the inner layer of the intestinal tract. |
| pathogens | diseases that causes some bad bacteria. |
| halitosis | offensive breath odor |
| acuity | clarity or clearness of a sense such as taste or vision |
| antibodies | proteins that are produced by transformed by lymphocytes (plasma cells) in response to the presence of antigen. |
| A.A.F.C.O | Association of American Feed Control Officials; defines food and feed ingredients that is used in commercial animal feeds and pet foods. |
| anabolism | the constructive phase of metabolism during which the body creates tissues. |
| animal digest | a material that is produced by chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis of clean undecomposed animal tissues. |
| enzymes | any protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body by acting as a catalysts. |
| epidemiologic | to the study of disease frequency and distributions in a population. |
| epidermal | reffering to the outer most layer of the skin. |
| essential dietary nutrients | nutrients that the body cannot synthesize at a sufficient rate to meet the body's needs and must be supplied by the diet. |
| cellulose | polysaccharide that is a component of dietary fiber; forms skeleton of most plant structures plant cells. |
| cholesterol | organic molecules that is formed in animal fats and oils, bile, blood, brain tissue, milk, eggs, yolk, myelin etc... |
| coenzymes | organic molecules that is often dervived from vitamins that are required by and enzyme to carry out a metabolic reaction. |
| bile | bitter greenish brown alkaline fluid that aids digestion and is secreted by the liver and is stored in the gallbladder. |
| myelin sheath | Schwann cells wrapped around an axon of a nerve cell that serve as insulation; increases speed of nerve impulse movement. |
| osteochondrosis | disease of growth; center of bones that is characterized by abnormal differentiation of cartalige. |
| zoonotic | a disease that is transmitted from animals to humans. |
| lifestage nutrition | practice of feeding a diet specifically designed to meet the nutritional needs of a dog or cat based on its age. |
| dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) | noninvasive technique that scans the body to determine bone density, lean body mass and fat distribution; adapted from human medicine for use with dogs and cats |
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