Vocabulary
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Natural | Any ingredient that is derived exceptionally from plant, animal, or mined sources
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| Beef Tallow | Solid fat made by rendering fat from cattle
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| Fat | A source of essential fatty acids and highly concentrated source of calories
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| Palatability | Degree of readiness for an animal to consume food
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| Animal Digest | Very palatable product derived from enzymatic digestion of clean, undecomposed animal tissues into smaller molecules
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| AAFCO | Association of American Feed Control Officials
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| FDA | Food and Drug Administration
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| Kibble | Dry dog/cat food
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| Less than 12% moisture Lowest palatability | Dry dog/cat food
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| Semi-moist dog/cat food | 25-35% moisture
Medium palatability
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| 75% moisture Highest palatability | Wet dog/cat food
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| Low digestibility means... | More POOP!
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| Nutrition | The study of the food needs of the body
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| Amino Acids | Building blocks of protein; any of several organic compounds and carboxyl groups and occurring naturally in plants and animals
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| Intestinal Mucosa | Mucous membrane lining the intestine
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| Bioavailable | The ability of a nutrient, drug, or other substance to be absorbed and used by the body
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| Energy Density | Number of calories provided by a given weight or volume of pet food
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| USDA | United States Department of Agriculture
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| Additives | Substances added to food, including preservatives, colorings, and flavorings
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| Preservatives | Substances added to foods to destroy or inhibit microbial growth and slow decay, discoloration, or spoilage under normal conditions of use or storage
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| Rancidity | Decomposition of fats and oils that produces off odors and flavors and destroys fat-soluble vitamins
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| Striated Muscle | Striped looking muscle due to alternating light and dark bands
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| Viscera | All organs in thoracic and abdominal cavities
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| Meat and Bone Meal | Rendered product from mammalian tissue, including bone, without Added blood, hair, hooves, hide trimmings, manure, and stomach/rumen contents
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| Rendered | Processed using low heat to separate fat from bone and protein while simultaneously drying the material
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| Hydrolysis | Complex materials are broken down into simpler ones by adding water
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| Non-rendered | Products that have not been precessed
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| Essential Fatty Acids | Fatty acids that cannot be made by the body and must be supplied by the diet
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| Fiber | Portion of ingested foods that resists digestion in the gastrointestinal tract
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| Calories | Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water from 14.5 Celsius to 15.5 C; Energy
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| Digesta | Gastrointestinal tract contents undergoing digestion
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| Ad Libitum | Free choice feeding
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| Kilocalorie | 1,000 calories
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| Metabolizable Energy | Amount of energy in a food available for body's use
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| Dry Matter Basis | Method of expressing a food's nutrient content on a moisture-free basis
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| Digestibility | Proportion of nutrients in food available for absorption from the GI tract
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| Nutrient Density | Concentration of nutrients per fixed portion of food
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| Malnutrition | Abnormal nutrition; Caused by a diet that contains too much or too little essential nutrients
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| Nutrient | Any food component the body requires to support life
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| Mouth | Teeth grasp, tear, and grind food into small pieces; tongue positions food for swallowing
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| Esophagus | Transports food from mouth to stomach
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| Stomach | Provides food storage; very acidic environment; moves food to small intestine
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| Pepsinogen | Enzyme precursor secreted by the chief cells in the stomach
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| Hydrochloric Acid | HCl; normal part of gastric juice in cats and dogs
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| Pepsin | Protein-degrading enzyme that is activated from pepsinogen in the stomach; the principal digestive component of gastric juice
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| Mucus | complex, gel-like substance secreted by specific cells or mucous glands; acts as a protective barrier and lubricant
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| Small Intestine | Mixes ingested food with bile and digestive enzymes; absorbs nutrients; less acidic than stomach
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| Bile | Clear yellow, orange, or green fluid produced by the liver; helps break down fats and rid the body of wastes
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| Brush Border | Area on the free surface of an epithelial cell that is covered with microvilli
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| Microvilli | Fingerlike projections that increase cell's exposed surface area to maximize intestinal absorption
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| Large Intestine | Site of microbial fermentation of digested food; absorbs water and electrolytes; moves waste to rectum and anus defecation
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| Microbial Fementation *** | Anaerobic enzymatic conversion of some carbs to simpler compounds by microorganisms in the large intestine of cats and dogs ***
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