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Animal Sci Vocab
Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Natural | Any ingredient that is derived exceptionally from plant, animal, or mined sources |
| Beef Tallow | Solid fat made by rendering fat from cattle |
| Fat | A source of essential fatty acids and highly concentrated source of calories |
| Palatability | Degree of readiness for an animal to consume food |
| Animal Digest | Very palatable product derived from enzymatic digestion of clean, undecomposed animal tissues into smaller molecules |
| AAFCO | Association of American Feed Control Officials |
| FDA | Food and Drug Administration |
| Kibble | Dry dog/cat food |
| Less than 12% moisture Lowest palatability | Dry dog/cat food |
| Semi-moist dog/cat food | 25-35% moisture Medium palatability |
| 75% moisture Highest palatability | Wet dog/cat food |
| Low digestibility means... | More POOP! |
| Nutrition | The study of the food needs of the body |
| Amino Acids | Building blocks of protein; any of several organic compounds and carboxyl groups and occurring naturally in plants and animals |
| Intestinal Mucosa | Mucous membrane lining the intestine |
| Bioavailable | The ability of a nutrient, drug, or other substance to be absorbed and used by the body |
| Energy Density | Number of calories provided by a given weight or volume of pet food |
| USDA | United States Department of Agriculture |
| Additives | Substances added to food, including preservatives, colorings, and flavorings |
| Preservatives | Substances added to foods to destroy or inhibit microbial growth and slow decay, discoloration, or spoilage under normal conditions of use or storage |
| Rancidity | Decomposition of fats and oils that produces off odors and flavors and destroys fat-soluble vitamins |
| Striated Muscle | Striped looking muscle due to alternating light and dark bands |
| Viscera | All organs in thoracic and abdominal cavities |
| Meat and Bone Meal | Rendered product from mammalian tissue, including bone, without Added blood, hair, hooves, hide trimmings, manure, and stomach/rumen contents |
| Rendered | Processed using low heat to separate fat from bone and protein while simultaneously drying the material |
| Hydrolysis | Complex materials are broken down into simpler ones by adding water |
| Non-rendered | Products that have not been precessed |
| Essential Fatty Acids | Fatty acids that cannot be made by the body and must be supplied by the diet |
| Fiber | Portion of ingested foods that resists digestion in the gastrointestinal tract |
| Calories | Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water from 14.5 Celsius to 15.5 C; Energy |
| Digesta | Gastrointestinal tract contents undergoing digestion |
| Ad Libitum | Free choice feeding |
| Kilocalorie | 1,000 calories |
| Metabolizable Energy | Amount of energy in a food available for body's use |
| Dry Matter Basis | Method of expressing a food's nutrient content on a moisture-free basis |
| Digestibility | Proportion of nutrients in food available for absorption from the GI tract |
| Nutrient Density | Concentration of nutrients per fixed portion of food |
| Malnutrition | Abnormal nutrition; Caused by a diet that contains too much or too little essential nutrients |
| Nutrient | Any food component the body requires to support life |
| Mouth | Teeth grasp, tear, and grind food into small pieces; tongue positions food for swallowing |
| Esophagus | Transports food from mouth to stomach |
| Stomach | Provides food storage; very acidic environment; moves food to small intestine |
| Pepsinogen | Enzyme precursor secreted by the chief cells in the stomach |
| Hydrochloric Acid | HCl; normal part of gastric juice in cats and dogs |
| Pepsin | Protein-degrading enzyme that is activated from pepsinogen in the stomach; the principal digestive component of gastric juice |
| Mucus | complex, gel-like substance secreted by specific cells or mucous glands; acts as a protective barrier and lubricant |
| Small Intestine | Mixes ingested food with bile and digestive enzymes; absorbs nutrients; less acidic than stomach |
| Bile | Clear yellow, orange, or green fluid produced by the liver; helps break down fats and rid the body of wastes |
| Brush Border | Area on the free surface of an epithelial cell that is covered with microvilli |
| Microvilli | Fingerlike projections that increase cell's exposed surface area to maximize intestinal absorption |
| Large Intestine | Site of microbial fermentation of digested food; absorbs water and electrolytes; moves waste to rectum and anus defecation |
| Microbial Fementation *** | Anaerobic enzymatic conversion of some carbs to simpler compounds by microorganisms in the large intestine of cats and dogs *** |
Created by:
cayablon
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