Nclex
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| Urine tests WBC's | present with infection & inflammation
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| total bilirubin | increase with hemolytic & pernicious anemia, eclampsia
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| White blood cells WBC | increase with infection, inflammation, stress, tssue necrosis
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| White blood cells | decrease with viral infections ,chemo, radiation,NSAID's
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| Albumin | increased with multimyeloma
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| Albumin | decreased with loss of plasma from burns and malnutrition
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| urine test casts | usually indicates renal/kidney damage ,infection or presence of kidney stones
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| amylase | increase in acute pancreatitis, mumps,carcinoma, of the pancreas
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| amylase | decrease with chronic pancreatitis,cirrhosis of the liver, acute alcoholism
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| urine test glucose | increase with diabetes or stress
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| Activated Partial thromboplastin time 20-45 SEC (APTT OR ATT) | Need to monitor f no heparin
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| Sodium NA 135- 145 | increase with hemoconcentration nephritis
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| Sodium NA 135-145 | decrease with Addison disease, myxedema
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| Chloride 95-105 | increase with nephritis, urinary obstruction anemia
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| Chloride 95-105 | decrease with diabetes, burns and vomiting
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| urine tests ketones | diabetes with elevated blood glucose levels
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| Creatnine phosphoKinase (CPK or CK) | Male 50-325 Females 50-250
Increase with MI, IM injections, delirium tremors
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| urine tests RBC's | present with kidney stones, infection, inflammation
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| INR, International normalizing ratio | need to monitor if on coumadin,when it is higher
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| urine tests protein | increase with renal/kidney damage, dehydration,strenous exercise,fever
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| Lactic dehydrogenase | 100- 225
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| urine tests bilirubin | positive with liver disorders
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| platelet count 200,000 - 300,000 | increase with chronic granulocytic anemia
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| platelet count 200,000 - 300,000 | decrease with thrombocytopenia, purpura, during chemotherapy
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| lipoprotein total plasma cholesterol | desired < 200
borderline 200 - 239
high 240
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| Creatinine | increase with nephritis and chronic renal disease
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| Hematocrit HCT | increase with dehydration hemoconcentration r/t shock
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| Hematocrit HCT | decrease wth anemias+ pregnancy,blood loss
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| partial thromboplastin time, PTT ,PT | need to monitor if on coumadin, when it will be higher
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| Cholesterol | Increase with dabetes,lipemia,jaundice
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| Cholesterol | decrease with pernicious anemia, infections, hyperthyroidism
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| Carcinoembryonic antigen | increas wth cancer of colon, rectum, pancreas and stomach
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| Erythrocite sedmentation rate, ESR, sed rate | Males 0-9
females 0-20
increase with tisue destruction, pregnancy
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| Blood urea nitrogen BUN | increase with dehydration
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| Blood urea nitrogen BUN | decrease wth fluid excess, pregnancy
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| Magnesium MG | increase with the ingestion of epsom salt
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| Magnesium MG | decrease with chronic alcoholism,severe renal disease
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| low density lipoproteins LDL | desired 130
borderline 130 - 159
high 160
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| lactc dehydrogenase | Increase with untreated anemia, MI, pulmonary infarction,liver disease
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| CA Calcium | increase with tumor or hyperplasia of parathyroid,multiplemyeloma
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| CA Calcium | decrease with diarrhea, malnutrition
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| Hemoglobin Hgb males 13-16 females 12-14 | increase with polycythemia, COPD, O2 loss because of CHF , live in altitudes
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| Hemoglobin Hgb males 13-16 females 12-14 | decrease with anemias excess fluid, hemmorhage
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| High density lipoprotein HDL cholesterol | desired >35
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| Glucose- fasting 60-110 2hrs post prandial 65-140 | increase with diabetes,nepritis,infections,pregnancy,uremia
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| Glucose- fasting 60-110 2hrs post prandial 65-140 | decrease with vomiting Addisons disease,hepatic damage
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| creatinine clearance | 100-150 of blood cleared of creatinine/mn
decrease with kidney disease
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| potassium K+ 3.5-5.0 | increase with Addison disease,oliguria,anuria,hemolysis
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| potassium K+ 3.5-5.0 | decrease with diarrhea,vomiting
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| leukocyte count 5,000-10,000 | increase with acute infectiion,acute leukemia, surgery, trauma
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| leukocyte count 5,000-10,000 | decreasew with aplastic anemia, toxic agents, chemotherapy
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| prealbumin < 10 severe malnutrtion 10-17 moderate malnutrtion > 17 no risk for malnutrtion | short half life so more respnsive indicator of malnutrtion than albumin
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| prostate specific antigen | increase with age in response to prostate cancer or prostate hypertrophy
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| total protein 6.0-8.0 | increase with hemoconcentration shock
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| total protein 6.0-8.0 | decrease with malnutrtion,hemmorhage,plasma loss from burns
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| Red blood cells RBC 4.2-5.4 | increase with hypoxia,dehydration,polycythema
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| Red blood cells RBC 4.2-5.4 | decrease with recent bleeding,kidney problems,illness
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