Nutrition Through the Life Span: Pregnancy & Infancy
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| A man's nutrition may affect his? | fertility
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| Full nutrient stores BEFORE pregnancy are important? | both to conception and to healthy infacnt development
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| What should a women do for a health pregnancy? | Healthy body weight, balanced diet, physically active, med visits, No harmful influences
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| An underweight women have a high risk of having? | an underweight baby
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| Low birthweight babies are at more risk for? | infections
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| Children bored to obese women are? | bigger
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| Maternal obesity may double to risk for? | neural tube defects
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| Obese women may require drugs? | to induce labor or require surgical intervention
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| Babys to women of not a healthy weight increase risks of? | heart defects
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| Why is it so important to have proper nurition while pregenant? | determines whether her uterus will be able to support the growth of a healthy placenta during the first month of gestation
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| What does the placenta do? | Supply depot and waste removal
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| What is the umbilical cord? | the pipeline from the placenta to the fetus
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| What is the amniotic sac? | is surrounds and cradles the fetus, cushoning it with fluids
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| What does the placenta do? | gethers up hormones, nutrients, and protein melcules
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| The placenta also plays a role in preparing? | lactation
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| What is a newly fertilized ovum called? | zygote
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| It begins as a zygote then becomes a? | blastocyst
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| What attaches itself to uterine wall? | blastocyst
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| What is it called when a blastocyst attaches to wall? | implementation
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| What is a zygote at 6 weeks? | embryo
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| What is a embryo become? | fetus
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| After 8 weeks wat does the fetus have? | complete CNS, beating heart, digestive system, fingers, toes, facial features
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| During the last 7 months the fetus grows? | 50x heavier and 20 x longer
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| How long are pregnancies? | 38-42 weeks
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| What are the 40 weeks of pregnancy divided into? | thirds, trimester
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| What is the critical period? | where organs and tissues develop
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| Early malnutrition? | impairs the heart and brain
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| Later malnutrition? | impairs the lungs
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| The effects of malnutrition during the critical period are? | irreversable
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| What is a high risk pregnancy? | a pregnancy characterized by risk factos that make it likely the birth with be surrounded by problems such as premature delivery, difficult birth, retarded grwoth, birth defects, and early infant death
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| What is low risk pregnancy? | a pregnancy characterized by factors that make is likely the birth will be normal and the infant healthy
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| How do pregnant women meet extra energy demands? | eat more, reduce their activity, some store less of their food energy
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| A pregnant women should eat more? | nutrient dense food
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| What is the role are carbs in pregnancy? | to fuel the brain and spare proten needed for fetal production
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| How much more protein should a pregnant women consume? | 25 more grams per day
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| You should not take protein ________ during pregnancy? | supplements
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| The essential fatty acids are important to? | growth and development of the fetus
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| What does the brain need to function, and grow? | omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids
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| What are the vitamins in cell reproduction? | folate, vit. B12
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| How much folate should be consumed during pregnancy? | 600 mcg
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| What does the neural tube develop? | brain and spinal cord
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| What is a neural tube defect? | when the tube fails to close
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| What is anencephaly? | where the neural tube fails to close and the brain doesn't develop
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| What is spina bifida? | Where the spinal cord and backbone do not develop
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| Don't eat what while pregnant? | HOTDOG
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| What is the normal birth weight? | 7-8 lbs
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| Spina bifida is usually associated with? | paralysis
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| To reduce risk of neural tube defects a women should consume how much folate if they are at risk for pregnancy? | 400 mcg folic acid
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| Folic acid supplements are more easily? | absorbed
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| High doses of folate make it difficult to find a? | B12 deficiency
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| Quantities of 1 milligram or more of folate require? | a prescription
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| Insufficient intakes of ______ ________ ________ may produce abnormal fetal bone development? | Ca, Phosphorus, and Mg
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| Intestinal absorption of Ca _____ during pregnancy? | doubles
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| The final weeks of pregnancy how much Ca is tranferred to the fetus? | 300 mg
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| When does mineralization of fetus's teech begin? | 5 months
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| What helps meneralize fetus's teeth? | flouride
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| Why is there an increase of iron in the body while pregnant? | no period
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| How many mg of iron do you need during 2nd and 3rd trimester? | 30 mg from supplements
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| What to prenatal vitamins include? | folate, iron, calcium
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| Who benefits from multivitamin mineral supplements during pregnancy? | not enough eating, those carrying twins or tiplets, smoke, alcohol or drug users
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| What does WIC do? | provides vouchers redeemable for futritious foods, nutrition education, and referrals to health and socal services to low income pregnant and lactating women and their children
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| A sudden weight gain may indicate the onset of? | preeclampsia
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| Weight a pregnant women gains is nearly all _____ tissue? | lean
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| Weight gain is essential for? | a healthy pregnancy
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| What helps to determine appropriate weight gain? | prepregnancy BMI, her own nutrient needs, the number of fetuses she is carrying to determine appropriate weight gain
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| What can harm the baby during physical activity? | dehydration and high body temp
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| What are food aversions? | strong desires to avoid particular foods
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| What is pica? | craving weird food, maybe not food, chalk, tp
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| Pica is associated with? | iron deficiency
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| Why do women have morning sickness? | hormonal changes taking place early in pregnancy
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| Gestational diabetes causes infant? | sickness or death
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| What are the 2 classifications of hypertension during pregnancy? | chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension
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| When does gestational hypertension occur? | 20th week
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| Hypertension increases the risk of? | preeclampsia
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| What does high blood pressure increase the risk of? | low birth weight, or the placenta separating from the wall
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| What is preeclampsia? | high blood pressure but also by protein in the urince
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| Preeclampsia affects? | all organs
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| If preeclampsia progresses it causes? | seizures
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| When seizures occur with preeclampsia it is then called? | eclampsia
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| How do you treat eclampsia? | regulate blood pressure and preventing seizures
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| Smoking during pregnancy can cause? | fetal chromosomes
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| Smoking restricts? | the blood supply to the growing fetus and so it limits the delivery of oxygan and nutrients a
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| Cigarette smoking druing pregnancy can cause? | SIDS
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| Even if you don't smoke what can still affect your fetus? | environmental tobacco smoke
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| Pregnant women should stay away from? | herbal products
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| What do drugs cause in the fetus? | CNS damage
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| What can lead and mercury exposure do to fetus? | impaired mental and psychomotor development
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| What will help defend against lead contamination? | Ca
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| Pregnant women should eat fish? | yes a little bit
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| What is listeriosis? | serious foodborne infection that can cause severe brain infection or death in a fetus, found in soil and water
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| What can listeriosis cause? | cause miscarriage, still birth, severe brain damage
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| What are the symptoms of listeriosis? | fever, vomiting, diharrhea
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| What can detect listeriosis? | blood test
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| What vitamin is dangerous to the fetus? | Vit A
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| Fetus's can have a limited ability to metabolize what? | caffeine
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| What can alcohol consumption cause? | brain damage, retardation, facial abnormalities, vision abnormalities
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| What are alchol symptoms called? | fetal alcohol spectrus disorder and Fetal alcohol syndrom
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| What is the biggest causes of mental retardation? | alcohol
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| Mental prob associated with alcohol are called? | alcohol related neurodevelopmental disorder
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| What are physical malformations from alcohol called? | alcohol related birth defects
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| The rate of still births, preterm births and low birthweight are high for? | teenagers
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| How long should you breast feed? | 12 months
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| How long should you exclusive breastfeed? | 6 months
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| Breasfeed with complementary foods for at least? | 12 months
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| How much milk does a nursing women produce a day? | 25 oz
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| while breastfeeding a women should consume how much more k calories? | 330
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| How long doe sit usually take to get to prepregnancy weight? | 6 months
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| Gradual weight loss is safe and does not effect? | milk output
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| Nutritional deprivation of the mother reduces the quantity? | not the quality
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| what are you doing? i know your sexy. i wish we was kissing and you was smiling.. i hope my money comes so we can have a good v-day |
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| What vitamins in breast milk are more likely to decline? | B6, B12, A, D
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| What can alter the flavor of breast milk? | strong and spicy flavors
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| How can alcohol affect breast milk? | affects production, composition, and ejection
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| Lactating women who smoke produce? | less milk, milk with lower fat contant
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| If you have HIV you should not? | breast feed
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| An infant grows faster in the _______ ________ than any other time? | first year
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| An infants birthweight triples in? | one year
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| T or F: basal metabolic rate is higher in babies? | T
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| How many k calories to infants need? | 1000
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| Breast fed infants need to eat ______ than bottle fed? | more
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| how many breast feedings a day? | 8-12
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| How long should you breast feed? | 10-15 min
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| What stimulates lactation? | sucking
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| What enhances Ca absorption? | lactose
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| Breast milk also includes? | oligosaccharides
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| What do oligosaccharides do? | protect the infant from infections by preventing the binding of pathogens to the infant's intestinal cells
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| The protein in breast milk is largely? | alpha lactalbumin
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| What provides energy to an infant in breast milk? | lipid
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| What vitamin is not in breast milk? | vit D
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| Vit D is more likely in infants that? | that are not exposed to sunlight daily, have dark pigminted skin, recieves milk without vit D supplementation
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| What are possible supplements for infants? | Vit D, Iron, and Fluoride
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| What is given to infants at birth to prevent bleeding? | Vit K
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| Breast milk offers? | immunological protection
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| Break milk is? | sterile
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| What do the breasts produce after delivery? | colostrum
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| What is colostrum? | a premilk substance containing mostly serum with antibodies and WBC
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| What do oligosaccharides do? | prevent pathogens from binding to intestinal cells
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| What is bifidum factors? | they favor the growth of the friendly bacterium lactobacillus bifidus in the infants digestive tract
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| What does lactoferrin do? | its an iron binding protien that keeps bacteria from getting the iron they need to grow, helps absorb iron into the infant's bloodstream
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| What does lactadherin do? | its a protien in breast milk that binds to and inhibits replication of the virus that causes mort infant diarrhea
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| Breast fed infants have lower? | BP and lower blood cholesterol
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| Protein in cows milk stresses? | the kidneys
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| Special formulas have been designed to meet the dietary needs of infants with conditions like? | prematurity or inherited diseases
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| Infants allergic to milk can drink formulas based on? | soy protein
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| Infant formulas contain no? | protective antibodies
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| How do you prevent nursing bottle tooth decay? | no bottle to bed with child
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| What kind of milk to infants need after breastfeeding? | whole milk
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| in children lower that 6 months of age that have cow's milk will have? | intestinal bleeding
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| Cow's milk is poor in? | iron
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| In the beginning infants intestines cannot digest? | starch
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| When do infants accept complementary food? | 4-6 months
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| What are the 3 considerations about the infants readiness to handle different foods? | infant's nutrient needs, the infants physical rediness, and the need to detect and control allergic reactions
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| What are the nutrients that are needed first? | iron and vit c
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| When does the ability to swallow solid food develop? | 4-6 months
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| You should introduce foods? | one at a time to prevent allergies
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| Infant foods should be selected to provide? | variety, balance, and moderation
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| By one year babies are ? | drinking from a cup and eating many of the same foods
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Created by:
alicia.rennaker
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