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Nutrition Ch. 10
Nutrition Through the Life Span: Pregnancy & Infancy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A man's nutrition may affect his? | fertility |
| Full nutrient stores BEFORE pregnancy are important? | both to conception and to healthy infacnt development |
| What should a women do for a health pregnancy? | Healthy body weight, balanced diet, physically active, med visits, No harmful influences |
| An underweight women have a high risk of having? | an underweight baby |
| Low birthweight babies are at more risk for? | infections |
| Children bored to obese women are? | bigger |
| Maternal obesity may double to risk for? | neural tube defects |
| Obese women may require drugs? | to induce labor or require surgical intervention |
| Babys to women of not a healthy weight increase risks of? | heart defects |
| Why is it so important to have proper nurition while pregenant? | determines whether her uterus will be able to support the growth of a healthy placenta during the first month of gestation |
| What does the placenta do? | Supply depot and waste removal |
| What is the umbilical cord? | the pipeline from the placenta to the fetus |
| What is the amniotic sac? | is surrounds and cradles the fetus, cushoning it with fluids |
| What does the placenta do? | gethers up hormones, nutrients, and protein melcules |
| The placenta also plays a role in preparing? | lactation |
| What is a newly fertilized ovum called? | zygote |
| It begins as a zygote then becomes a? | blastocyst |
| What attaches itself to uterine wall? | blastocyst |
| What is it called when a blastocyst attaches to wall? | implementation |
| What is a zygote at 6 weeks? | embryo |
| What is a embryo become? | fetus |
| After 8 weeks wat does the fetus have? | complete CNS, beating heart, digestive system, fingers, toes, facial features |
| During the last 7 months the fetus grows? | 50x heavier and 20 x longer |
| How long are pregnancies? | 38-42 weeks |
| What are the 40 weeks of pregnancy divided into? | thirds, trimester |
| What is the critical period? | where organs and tissues develop |
| Early malnutrition? | impairs the heart and brain |
| Later malnutrition? | impairs the lungs |
| The effects of malnutrition during the critical period are? | irreversable |
| What is a high risk pregnancy? | a pregnancy characterized by risk factos that make it likely the birth with be surrounded by problems such as premature delivery, difficult birth, retarded grwoth, birth defects, and early infant death |
| What is low risk pregnancy? | a pregnancy characterized by factors that make is likely the birth will be normal and the infant healthy |
| How do pregnant women meet extra energy demands? | eat more, reduce their activity, some store less of their food energy |
| A pregnant women should eat more? | nutrient dense food |
| What is the role are carbs in pregnancy? | to fuel the brain and spare proten needed for fetal production |
| How much more protein should a pregnant women consume? | 25 more grams per day |
| You should not take protein ________ during pregnancy? | supplements |
| The essential fatty acids are important to? | growth and development of the fetus |
| What does the brain need to function, and grow? | omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids |
| What are the vitamins in cell reproduction? | folate, vit. B12 |
| How much folate should be consumed during pregnancy? | 600 mcg |
| What does the neural tube develop? | brain and spinal cord |
| What is a neural tube defect? | when the tube fails to close |
| What is anencephaly? | where the neural tube fails to close and the brain doesn't develop |
| What is spina bifida? | Where the spinal cord and backbone do not develop |
| Don't eat what while pregnant? | HOTDOG |
| What is the normal birth weight? | 7-8 lbs |
| Spina bifida is usually associated with? | paralysis |
| To reduce risk of neural tube defects a women should consume how much folate if they are at risk for pregnancy? | 400 mcg folic acid |
| Folic acid supplements are more easily? | absorbed |
| High doses of folate make it difficult to find a? | B12 deficiency |
| Quantities of 1 milligram or more of folate require? | a prescription |
| Insufficient intakes of ______ ________ ________ may produce abnormal fetal bone development? | Ca, Phosphorus, and Mg |
| Intestinal absorption of Ca _____ during pregnancy? | doubles |
| The final weeks of pregnancy how much Ca is tranferred to the fetus? | 300 mg |
| When does mineralization of fetus's teech begin? | 5 months |
| What helps meneralize fetus's teeth? | flouride |
| Why is there an increase of iron in the body while pregnant? | no period |
| How many mg of iron do you need during 2nd and 3rd trimester? | 30 mg from supplements |
| What to prenatal vitamins include? | folate, iron, calcium |
| Who benefits from multivitamin mineral supplements during pregnancy? | not enough eating, those carrying twins or tiplets, smoke, alcohol or drug users |
| What does WIC do? | provides vouchers redeemable for futritious foods, nutrition education, and referrals to health and socal services to low income pregnant and lactating women and their children |
| A sudden weight gain may indicate the onset of? | preeclampsia |
| Weight a pregnant women gains is nearly all _____ tissue? | lean |
| Weight gain is essential for? | a healthy pregnancy |
| What helps to determine appropriate weight gain? | prepregnancy BMI, her own nutrient needs, the number of fetuses she is carrying to determine appropriate weight gain |
| What can harm the baby during physical activity? | dehydration and high body temp |
| What are food aversions? | strong desires to avoid particular foods |
| What is pica? | craving weird food, maybe not food, chalk, tp |
| Pica is associated with? | iron deficiency |
| Why do women have morning sickness? | hormonal changes taking place early in pregnancy |
| Gestational diabetes causes infant? | sickness or death |
| What are the 2 classifications of hypertension during pregnancy? | chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension |
| When does gestational hypertension occur? | 20th week |
| Hypertension increases the risk of? | preeclampsia |
| What does high blood pressure increase the risk of? | low birth weight, or the placenta separating from the wall |
| What is preeclampsia? | high blood pressure but also by protein in the urince |
| Preeclampsia affects? | all organs |
| If preeclampsia progresses it causes? | seizures |
| When seizures occur with preeclampsia it is then called? | eclampsia |
| How do you treat eclampsia? | regulate blood pressure and preventing seizures |
| Smoking during pregnancy can cause? | fetal chromosomes |
| Smoking restricts? | the blood supply to the growing fetus and so it limits the delivery of oxygan and nutrients a |
| Cigarette smoking druing pregnancy can cause? | SIDS |
| Even if you don't smoke what can still affect your fetus? | environmental tobacco smoke |
| Pregnant women should stay away from? | herbal products |
| What do drugs cause in the fetus? | CNS damage |
| What can lead and mercury exposure do to fetus? | impaired mental and psychomotor development |
| What will help defend against lead contamination? | Ca |
| Pregnant women should eat fish? | yes a little bit |
| What is listeriosis? | serious foodborne infection that can cause severe brain infection or death in a fetus, found in soil and water |
| What can listeriosis cause? | cause miscarriage, still birth, severe brain damage |
| What are the symptoms of listeriosis? | fever, vomiting, diharrhea |
| What can detect listeriosis? | blood test |
| What vitamin is dangerous to the fetus? | Vit A |
| Fetus's can have a limited ability to metabolize what? | caffeine |
| What can alcohol consumption cause? | brain damage, retardation, facial abnormalities, vision abnormalities |
| What are alchol symptoms called? | fetal alcohol spectrus disorder and Fetal alcohol syndrom |
| What is the biggest causes of mental retardation? | alcohol |
| Mental prob associated with alcohol are called? | alcohol related neurodevelopmental disorder |
| What are physical malformations from alcohol called? | alcohol related birth defects |
| The rate of still births, preterm births and low birthweight are high for? | teenagers |
| How long should you breast feed? | 12 months |
| How long should you exclusive breastfeed? | 6 months |
| Breasfeed with complementary foods for at least? | 12 months |
| How much milk does a nursing women produce a day? | 25 oz |
| while breastfeeding a women should consume how much more k calories? | 330 |
| How long doe sit usually take to get to prepregnancy weight? | 6 months |
| Gradual weight loss is safe and does not effect? | milk output |
| Nutritional deprivation of the mother reduces the quantity? | not the quality |
| what are you doing? i know your sexy. i wish we was kissing and you was smiling.. i hope my money comes so we can have a good v-day | |
| What vitamins in breast milk are more likely to decline? | B6, B12, A, D |
| What can alter the flavor of breast milk? | strong and spicy flavors |
| How can alcohol affect breast milk? | affects production, composition, and ejection |
| Lactating women who smoke produce? | less milk, milk with lower fat contant |
| If you have HIV you should not? | breast feed |
| An infant grows faster in the _______ ________ than any other time? | first year |
| An infants birthweight triples in? | one year |
| T or F: basal metabolic rate is higher in babies? | T |
| How many k calories to infants need? | 1000 |
| Breast fed infants need to eat ______ than bottle fed? | more |
| how many breast feedings a day? | 8-12 |
| How long should you breast feed? | 10-15 min |
| What stimulates lactation? | sucking |
| What enhances Ca absorption? | lactose |
| Breast milk also includes? | oligosaccharides |
| What do oligosaccharides do? | protect the infant from infections by preventing the binding of pathogens to the infant's intestinal cells |
| The protein in breast milk is largely? | alpha lactalbumin |
| What provides energy to an infant in breast milk? | lipid |
| What vitamin is not in breast milk? | vit D |
| Vit D is more likely in infants that? | that are not exposed to sunlight daily, have dark pigminted skin, recieves milk without vit D supplementation |
| What are possible supplements for infants? | Vit D, Iron, and Fluoride |
| What is given to infants at birth to prevent bleeding? | Vit K |
| Breast milk offers? | immunological protection |
| Break milk is? | sterile |
| What do the breasts produce after delivery? | colostrum |
| What is colostrum? | a premilk substance containing mostly serum with antibodies and WBC |
| What do oligosaccharides do? | prevent pathogens from binding to intestinal cells |
| What is bifidum factors? | they favor the growth of the friendly bacterium lactobacillus bifidus in the infants digestive tract |
| What does lactoferrin do? | its an iron binding protien that keeps bacteria from getting the iron they need to grow, helps absorb iron into the infant's bloodstream |
| What does lactadherin do? | its a protien in breast milk that binds to and inhibits replication of the virus that causes mort infant diarrhea |
| Breast fed infants have lower? | BP and lower blood cholesterol |
| Protein in cows milk stresses? | the kidneys |
| Special formulas have been designed to meet the dietary needs of infants with conditions like? | prematurity or inherited diseases |
| Infants allergic to milk can drink formulas based on? | soy protein |
| Infant formulas contain no? | protective antibodies |
| How do you prevent nursing bottle tooth decay? | no bottle to bed with child |
| What kind of milk to infants need after breastfeeding? | whole milk |
| in children lower that 6 months of age that have cow's milk will have? | intestinal bleeding |
| Cow's milk is poor in? | iron |
| In the beginning infants intestines cannot digest? | starch |
| When do infants accept complementary food? | 4-6 months |
| What are the 3 considerations about the infants readiness to handle different foods? | infant's nutrient needs, the infants physical rediness, and the need to detect and control allergic reactions |
| What are the nutrients that are needed first? | iron and vit c |
| When does the ability to swallow solid food develop? | 4-6 months |
| You should introduce foods? | one at a time to prevent allergies |
| Infant foods should be selected to provide? | variety, balance, and moderation |
| By one year babies are ? | drinking from a cup and eating many of the same foods |
Created by:
alicia.rennaker
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