exam 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| myth | story with a plot and conflict, tale
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| traditional | to hand over or down person to person orally- helps culture understand its own culture (how to behave and not to behave)
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| mythos | story or myth - orally transmitted
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| logos | an account of something- has an explanation for something-true
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| variant | differing versions of a story
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| etiological | an assignment of causes or origins to stories- tells the start or cause of something
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| Euhemerus | wanted to have reasonable explanation to what gods are- they are men who did something good for people and are worshipped and become gods after they die.
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| Ovid | Roman poet- wrote Metamorphosis
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| Metamorphosis | story of transformation- epic poem by ovid
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| chaos | 4 elements- earth fire water air - space in which creation takes place
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| Gaia | mother goddess- Earth- produces Tartarous and makes weapons
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| Tartarous | some kind of underworld
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| Eros | face of desire
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| Hesiod | earliest person to try and organize myths
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| cosmogony | tells us about the earth of cosmos
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| muses | goddesses of the arts- live on mt. hellicon - daughters of Zeus - tells what is what, wat wil be, and what has been- 9 muses
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| Ouranos | created by Gaia- sky god- him and Gaia and have many children- had sex with night and produced hundred handed monster- pushes his kids down to earth when they are born
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| Cronos | youngest son of Gaia and Ouranos- arch ddeciever- hates his father- chops off fathers genitals because he had sex with night - swallows Rheias babies whole when they are born
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| Aphrodite | created by Ouranos genitals - always naked- goddess of sexual desire- came out of Cytrus (sea)
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| Theogony | birth of the gods
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| Chimaira | has 3 heads- a lion, goat, and serpent- breathes fire
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| Medousa | famous gorgon-mortal-persius kills her by cutting off her head- snaked hair
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| Chrysaor | Medousas kid- comes out of her when her head gets cut off- name means golden sword
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| Pegasos | medusas kid - winged horse- lives in zeus' house- brings lightning and thunder
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| Cerberos | three headed guard dog
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| Hydra | many heads-becomes river that gods swear by
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| styx | helps zeus in struggle against Titans
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| Titans | children of Ouranos and Ghia- means over reachers in greek
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| Rheia | cronos' sister- ghia and ouranos' daughter- hooks up with cronos- new earth goddess- cronos swallows her babies whole when thye are born- gives birth to zeus and saves him by giving a rock to ouranos to swallow instead of the baby
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| crete | where zeus is hidden
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| Titanomachy | battle against the titans- zeus fights cronos
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| hundred handers | children of ouranos- live underground- help zeus in battle
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| 10 year battle | zeus and his siblings( hundred handers) fight cronos adn his sibilings- 100 arms and 50 heads zeus gives his team a pep talk and makes the olympians mad- 300 stones thrown and cronos and his friends are driven under the earth- Zeus is leader
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| Lycaon | king of arcadia- zeus introduces himself as a human then admits hes a god
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| Deucalion | survived flood-son of prometheus
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| Pyrrha | survived flood- daughter of epimetheus- and pandora
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| Pandora | "lovely evil"name means "gift of all the gods"--opened box holding all miseries of the world but keeps hope in the box--too old to reproduce- throws stones over shoulder to create children- given to mortal men as torture
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| Flood (ovid) | roman source greek dont have flood- destroys everyone, floods in every major religion except greek
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| curetes | young men who stand around Zeus and bang on shields when he cries so cronos cant find him or hear him
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| Cyvele | great mother goddess
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| Prometheus | very smart-trickster- likes human men- makes men out of clay and water- tries to trick Zeus and give him fat from the Ox that he sacrificed- Zeus finds out and withholds fire from mortal men- hides firs, Zeus gets mad and gives the men Pandora as torture
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| Prometheus' Story | gives men fire, Zeus takes it away--tortured and chained to a tree and eagles come every day adn eat his liver- his liver grows back daily and he is tortured everyday
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| Epimetheus | prometheus' brother- dumb and slow--accepts gift from Zeus
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| Atlas | holds up sky near Morocco
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| Iapetus | father of prometheus, epimetheus, and atlas- Titan
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| Athena (Minerva) | daughter of Zeus and Metis(born out of Zeus' head)- virgin goddess- wears a helmet, armor, wears aegis, owl, goddess of warefare, reason, intelligence, craft, defender of cities, and protector of heroes- her temple is the parthenon
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| Athenas story | in competition with arachne over who the best weaver was-
(women weave) arachne weaves a picture of gods being unfaithful (21 scenes), Athena wins and is jealous of arachne. Arachne tries to kill herself, athena turns arachne into a spider
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| Aphrodite (Venus) | goddess of love and sexual desire, fertility, cyprus- comes from foam of ouranos' genitals or from Zeus and Dione- has many children; Eros(w/ Ares), Aeneas(w/ Anchises)- married to Hephaistos- nude, has shield
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| Hephaistas (Vulcan) | craft god- parents Hera and Zeus, Hera treats him bad throws him off a mountain, has a limp (bad leg) not appealing- many children- blacksmith, artisan, sculptor, metals, fire, volcanos, lame, anvil, tongs, hammer
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| Hephaistas' story | drops metal chain on Aphrodite and Ares catching them in an affair while their having sex- all gods come in and laugh at them
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| Daphne | love of Apollo
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| Apollo | son of Zeus and Leto- children: Asclepius (god of medicine and healing, staff, intwined with snake)- light, sun, truth, prophecy, archery, medicine, healing, music, poetry, art, palm, laurel, lyre, appears as a beardless youth, snake, nude
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| Apollo's story | kills python, sanctuary at Delphi, Daphne and the laurel, musical contest with Marsyas. Marsyas skinned alive by Apollo(hair like woman, tied back)
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| Demeter(Ceres) | goddess of grain and fertility- daughter of Cronos and Rhea- many children including Persephone (w/ Zeus)- dressed modestly, cornucopia, associated w/ seasons, earth
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| Demeter's story | kidnapping of persephone- hades takes her to hades- searches for her everywhere and ends up in Elusis- mourns over her daughter so no plants grow and earth is not productive--finds her and persephone is forced to live in underworld for some time as wife
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| Artemis(Diana) | goddess of hunting, wild animals, child birth, moon, appears as hunter with bows and arrows- daughter of Zeus and Leto (twin of Apollo) no children, virgin goddess- Protective of virginity looks liek shes going hunting
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| Hestia(Vesta) | daughter of cronos and Rhea- eternal virgin- goddess of hearth(fireplace)- depicted in cloak and veil, modestly dressed
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| Leto | Mother of Apollo and Artemis(twins) treated bad by Zeus' wife Hera beacuse she slept with him- Hera doesnt let her give birth so she searches and lands in Delos where she gives birth clutching a palm tree alone
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| Asclepius | god of medicine, son of Apollo
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| Delphi | sanctuary to god Apollo- where he kills a snake prized by Hera, and establishes place as his own, people g to hear their auricle
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| Pythia | priestess of Apollo- sat on a rock, said anything she said was coming from Apollo, spoke the future, talking in riddles
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| omphalosis | bellybutton of the earth- center of earth, closer to gods
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| Bacche | wrote 88 plays
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| Bacchanalia | roman celebration, big party(orgy) that was banned by romans because too many people were getting murdered or raped
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| Euripides | competed in Dionysos, kept losing because he refused to cater to fancies of judges
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| Semele | mother of Dionysos, lives in Thebes where bacchi takes place (possibly killed by Zeus)
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| Agave | semeles sister
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| Cadmus | ruler of Thebes- grandfather of Pentheus adn Dionysus
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| Thebes | invonitia? place of worship to Dionysus- chief city in central greece
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| Pentheus | son of Agave, next in line to be king of Thebes, becomes wine syre, fortune teller, old man
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| Dionysus and Penthesus' story | women of thebes go into wild to worship dionysus, leave the city of men, cadmus and tiresus dont fully believe dionysus is a god but worship him anyways- Pentheus is a nonbeliever and makes a rile that anyone who comes down adn worships dionysus
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| d and p story | worship dionysus and get locked up, stranger comes, stragne things happen (earthquakes) Dionysus convinces pentheus to go to woods to see what girls are doing, girls think hes a wild animal, hes killed by his mother (dionysus makes women do it)
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| Ares(Mars) | god of war, especially the destructive frenzy of war, sometimes a chariot, bronze armor, spear-son of Zeus and Hera- many children(w/ aphrodite and mortals)
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| Hermes(Mercury) | son of Zeus and Maia, many children including Pan(like nature god), hermaphroditus, Priapus, adn Eros(w/ aphrodite)--herald, travelers thieves, shepards, boundries, psyochpompus, winged sandals, cadceus(pole with 2 circles on top), travelers cap, tortoise
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| psychopompus | to lead sould to the underworld
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| herms | boundry markers, either has a head on it of phalus--supposed to protect property from evil
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| Poseidon(Neptune) | son of cronos and rhea, man children, --older, bearded,sea horses, hearthquakes, dolphin, trident!, --against the trojans, makes it very difficult for odysseus to get home, competed with athena to be patron god of athens but lost
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| Dionysus (Bacchus) | son of Zeus and Semele--god of wine, growth of wine(viticulture), inspires ritual madness and estacy, god of mystery religion rites, releases people temporarily from their cares, followed/accommpanied by his worshipers,
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| Dionysus | satyrs and mainads, bull, serpant, grapes, leopard skin, thyrsus, chariot drawn by panthers (strange birth, semele killed by zeus, taken out of her and sewn to zeus' thigh)
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| manids and satyrs | female followers on dionysus(sexual also called bacchi) carry thyrus(stick with acorn on top) long hair--satyrs rape manids
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| Zeus(Jupiter) | sky god and in power-parents are cronos are rhea- children with young olympian gods and many mortals--lightning bolt, beard, eagle, justice, weather, sky gods, hidden in crete by Rhea so cronos didnt eat him- titanomachy-sends flood to earth
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| zeus | worshipped at olympia- liked boys and girls-fell in love with a boy named Ganymne-kidnapped and brought to olympus- becomes cupbearer (gives wine) to gods of olympus
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| Hera(Juno) | queen of the gods, goddess for women adn marriage, protector of cities, cow and peacock--zeus' wife-parents are cronos and rhea- children: ares(w/ Zeus) war god, and hephastus
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| Arachne (Minerva) | turned into spider when loses weaving contest with athena--weaves tapestry of gods being unfaithful
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| Golden Age | best time for man and earliest--man living with god--no need for men to work or do labor, people didnt grow old but still died, they turned into spirits that roamed the world (Pre-Pandora)
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| Silver Age | second best time for man--dumb children too 100 years to grow up --humans didnt sacrifice to gods in this age so they were killed off young--death=blessed mortals not spirits
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| Bronze Age | third best time for man--war like time--laborous, farming, killed each other off (crazy stuff going on)
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| Age of Heroes | Hesoid- better age than bronze-demi-gods, noble wars (Thieves, Troy) great to have fought for noble reasons--death=isle of the blessed which is apart from other underworld scenarios--short lived
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| Iron Age | Hesiod wishes to ave died than lived in it --parents and kids, generations, sibilings all fighting, people swear oaths all the time and dont care to uphold them--nothing left to us but evil
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| Works and Days | Hesoids long poem about farming-makes his brother sound like a good greek farmer--story about pandora--strife (2 kinds) bad=eris, good kind competition, good work ethic and spirit of competition
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| Eris | god/goddess of strife, bad/leads to war and fighting.
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