McGraw-Hill Emergency Care 2nd Edition Ch6 part 2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Circulatory System | cardiovascular and lymphatic systems
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| Cardiovascular System | 3 main parts= heart, blood, and blood vessels
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| Lymphatic System | lymph, lyphm nodes, lymph vessels, tonsils, splee, and the thymus gland
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| Great Vessels | attach heart to the chest- pulmonary arteries and viens, aorta, superior and inferior vena cavae
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| Atria | 2 upper chambers (right and left)- recieve blood from body and lungs
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| Ventricles | 2 lower chanbers (right and left)- pump blood to lungs and body
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| Plasma | liquid portion of blood - carries oxygen, blood cells, vitamins, proteins, glucose, and other substances
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| Erythrocytes | 1. pick up oxygen from the lungs and transport to body tissues 2. pick up carbon dioxide from body tissues and transport it to lungs
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| Leukocytes | white blood cells- attack and destroy germs that enter body
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| Platelets | thrombocytes- irregular shaped blood cells that are sticky
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| Arteries | arteries carry blood AWAY from the heart
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| Arterioles | smallest branch of arteries
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| Capillaries | smallest and most numerous blood vessels
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| Venules | smallest branches of veins
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| Veins | vessels that RETURN blood to the heart
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| Pulse | regular expansion and recoil of an artery - movement of blood from heart
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| Pulses | carotid, femoral, radial, brachial, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis
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| Blood Pressure | force exerted by blood on the inner walls of heart and arteries
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| Systolic Pressure | pressure in artery when heart is pumping
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| Diastolic Pressure | pressure in artery when heart is at rest
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| Perfusion | flow of blood through an organ or part of body
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| Shock | hypoperfusion- inadequate flow of blood through an organ or part of body
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| Nervous system | collection of specialized cells conduct info to and from brain -voluntary/involuntary activites and higher mental function
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| Central Nervous System | consists of brain and spinal cord
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| Cranium | protects the brain
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| Foramen Magnum | spinal cord and canal pass through this
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| Meninges | covering of brain and spinal cord
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| Cerebrospinal Fluid | clear liquid circulated continuously and acts a shock absorber
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| Cerebrum | largest part of the human brain
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| Corpus Callosum | thick bundle of nerve fibers and joins the 2 hemispheres
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| Frontal Lobe | control goal oriented behavior, personality, short term memory, programming and integrationof motor skills and speech
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| Parietal Lobe | recieves and processes info on touch, taste, pressure, pain, heat, and cold
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| Occiptal Lobe | recieves and interperts visual info
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| Temporal Lobe | recieve auditory signals and inerperts language. Also involved in personality, behavior, emotion, long term memory, taste, smell, and influence on balance
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| Cerebellum | 2nd largest part of brain- controls precise movement, posture, and balance
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| Diencephalon | between cerebrum and brainstem - contains the thalamus and hypothalamus
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| Thalamus | relay station for impulses going to and from cerebrum
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| Hypothalamus | control of thirst, hunger, and body temp.
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| Brainstem | midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata - relay station for auditory and visual signals
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| Spinal Cord | Continuous w/ medulla and center for reflex activities
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| Pons | respiration- bridge connects parts of brain w/ other by tracts
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| Medulla Oblongata | lowest part of brainstem- controls respiration, reflexes, coughing, sneezing, and vomiting
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| Peripheal Nervous System | 12 pairs of cranial nerves linked directly to the brain
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| Spinal Nerves | 31 pairs that relay impulses to and from the spinal cord - sensory, motor, and mixed nerves
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| Somatic Division | voluntary receptors and nerves concerned w/ external enviroment
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| Autonomic Division | involuntary recepters and nerves concerned w/ internal enviroment
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| Sympathetic Division | mobilizes energy - fight or flight response
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| Parasympathetic Division | conserves and restores energy
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| Integumentary System | skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and oil glands
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| Epidermis | outer portion of skin
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| Dermis | thick layer of skin below epidermis- hair follicles, sweat and oil glands, small nerve endings, and blood vessels
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| Subcutaneous | thick and lies below the dermis- fat and insulates body from temp changes
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| Ingestion | digestive system brings nutrients, h2o, and electrolytes into body
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| Digestion | chemically breaks down food into smaller parts for easier absorption
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| Absorption | moves nutrients, h2o, electrolytes into circulatory system so can be used by body cells
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| Defecation | eliminates unabsorbed waste
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| Chyme | partially digested food
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| Small Intestine | 20 feet long, small diameter, 3 sections= duodenum, jejunum, ileum
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| Large Intestine | 5 feet long. sections= cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and anal canal
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| Liver | largest internal organ, produces bile
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| Gallbladder | stores bile until it's needed by small intestine
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| Pancreas | secretes juices that contain enzymes for protein, carbohydrates, and fat digestion into small intestine
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| Endocrine System | system of glands that secrete chemicals into circulatory system
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| Thyroid Gland | in the neck just below the larynx, and stimulates body heat and bone growth
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| Parathyroid Gland | behind thyroid gland and secretes hormones that maintain calcium levels
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| Adrenal Gland | on top of each kidney and releases epinephrine and norepinephrine
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| Pituitary Gland | deep in cranial cavity and regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands
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| Pineal Gland | center of brain, produces melatonin, and regulates daily rhythms
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| Islets of Langerhans | located in pancreas, alpha cells=glicagon and beta cells= insulin
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| Thymus Gland | body's immune system
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| Ovaries | secrete estrogen
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| Testes | secrete testosterone
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| Reproductive System | makes sperm or eggs that allow continuation of human species
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| Male Reproductive Ducts | epididymis, vas deferns, ejaculatory duct, and urethra
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| Seminal Vesicles | secrete fluid to nourish and protect sperm
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| Prostate Gland | secretes fluid to speed sperm movement up and neutralize acidity in vagina
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| Penis | outlet for sperm and urine
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| Scrotum | loose sac of skin housing the testes
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| Ovaries | almond shaped organs that produce eggs
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| Fallopian Tubes | recieve and transport eggs to uterus after ovulation
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| Uterus | hollow muscular organ (fertilized eggs implant and recieve nourishment until birth)
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| Vagina | birth canal
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| Mammary Glands | milk production after delivery of infant
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| Kidneys | produce urine and maintain h2o balance, regulate blood pressure
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| Ureters | tubes that drain urine from kidneys to the bladder
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| Urinary Bladder | temporary storage for urine
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| Urethra | canal that passes urine from bladder to outside the body
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