Mc-Graw Hill Emergency Care 2nd edition CH 6
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| Anatomy | study of an organism
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| Physiology | study of the normal functions of an organism
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| Cells | basic unit of all living tissue
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| Tissue | cluster of cells that perform a specialized function
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| Organ | at least 2 different types of tissue that work together to perform particular function
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| Vital Organ | brain, heart, and lungs that are essential for life
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| Organ System | made of tissues and organs that work together to provide a common function
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| 10 Major Organ Systems | skeletal, muscular, respiratory, circulatory, nervous, integumentary, digestive, endocrine, reproductive, and urinary
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| Homeostasis | maintain constant internal enviroment (steady state)
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| Body Cavity | hollow space in body that contain internal organs
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| Cranial Cavity | located in the head
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| Spinal Cavity | extends from the bottom of the skull to the lower back
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| Central Nervous System (CNS) | Brain and spinal cord consists of
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| Thoracic Cavity | chest cavity located below the neck and above the diaphragm
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| Pericardial Cavity | surrounds the heart
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| Plueral Cavity | surround the lungs
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| Abdominal Cavity | located below the diaphragm and above the pelvis (contains stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen)
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| Peritoneal Cavity | potential space between 2 membranes that line the abdominal cavity
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| Pelvic Cavity | area below the abdominal cavity
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| Umbilicus (Navel) | intersects with the midline
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| Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) | contains liver, gallbladder, portions of the stomach, and the major blood vessels
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| Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ) | contains stomach, spleen, and pancreas
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| Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) | contains appendix
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| Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ) | contains intestines
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| Skeletal System | consists of 206 bones
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| Bone Marrow | located in the hollow cavity of many bones
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| Axial Skeleton | includes skull, spinal column, sternum, and ribs
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| Appendicular Skeleton | upper and lower extremeties (arms and legs)shoulder girdle, and the pelvic girdle
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| Shoulder Girdle | bony arch formed by clavicles (collar bones) and scapulae (shoulder bones)
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| Pelvic Girdle | bones that enclose and protect organs in the pelvic cavity
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| Skull | bony skeleton of the head that protects brain from injury and gives head shape
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| Cranium | contains eight bones that house and protect the brain
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| Frontal | forehead bone
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| Parietal (2) | top sides of the cranium
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| Temporal (2) | lower sides of the cranium
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| Occipital | back of the skull
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| Sphenoid | central part of the floor of the cranium
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| Ethmoid | floor of cranium and sides of septum
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| Face Bones | 14
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| Orbits | eye sockets
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| Nasal Bones | upper bridge of nose
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| Maxilla | upper jaw
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| Mandible | lower jaw
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| Zygomatic | cheekbones
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| Vertebral Column | spine is made up of 32-33 vertebrae
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| Cervical Vertebrae | 7
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| Thoracic Vertebrae | 12
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| Lumbar Vertebrae | 5
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| Sacrum | 5 fused vertebrae
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| Coccyx | (tailbone) 3-4 fused vertebrae
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| Cervical Spine | hold the head up and allow rotation left to right and movement forward and backward
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| Atlas | 1st cervical vertebra
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| Axis | 2nd cervical vertebra
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| Thorax | consists of 12 thoracic vertebrae, 12 pairs of ribs, the breastbone, and sternum
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| True Ribs | 1-7 attached to the sternum by cartilage
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| Fasle Ribs | 8-10 are attached to the cartilage of the 7th rib
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| Floating Ribs | 11 and 12 are not attached to the front of ther sternum
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| Sternum | consists of 3 sections
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| Manubrium | superior portion of sternum (connects w/ clavicle and 1st rib)
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| Body | middle portion of the sternum
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| Xiphoid Process | inferior portion of the sternum
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| Upper Extremeties | bones of the shoulder girdle, arms, forearms, and the hands
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| Humerus | upper arm bone
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| Radius | lateral and on the thumb sale
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| Ulna | on the medial side
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| Olecranon | (elbow) joint where humerus connects w/ radius and ulna
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| Carpals | wrist
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| Metarcarpals | hand
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| Phalanges | fingers
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| Lower Extremeties | pelvis, upper and lower legs, and the feet
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| Pelvis | bony ring
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| Acetebulum | hip bone
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| Femur | thigh bone
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| Greater Trochanter | large bony prominence on lateral shaft of the femur
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| Patella | knee cap
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| Tibia | shin bone
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| Fibula | smaller leg bone
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| Tarsal | make up the back part of the foot and heel
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| Metatarsals | bones that make up the main part of the foot
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| Phalanges | toes
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| Skeletal Muscles | VOLUNTARY MUSCLE helps move the skeleton and help with body heat and posture
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| Tendons | strong cords of connective tissuetha attaches muscle to bone
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| Ligaments | groups of connective tissue that attach bones to bones and bones to cartiladge also provide support and strength to joints
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| Muscle Tone | state of partial contraction
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| Smooth Muscle | INVOLUNTARY MUSCLE found within tubular structures of gastrointestinal tract, urinary system, blood vessels, the eyes, and bronchi of resp system
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| Cardiac Muscle | found in walls of the heart, produces the heart's contractions and pupms blood
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| Pharynx | throat
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| Larynx | voice box
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| Trachea | windpipe
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| External nares | nostrils
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| Hard palate | floor of the nasal cavity
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| Soft palate | fleshy and extends beyond the hard palate.
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| Sinuses | 4 nasal cavities that drain the nose
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| Turbinates | shelflike projections that protrude into the nasal cavity
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| Pharynx | 3 parts= Nasopharynx, Oropharanyx, Laryngopharynx
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| Nasopharynx | directly behind the nasal caivty
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| Oropharynx | middle part of throat, serves as a passageway for both food and air
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| Uvula | small piece of tissue that hangs down in the back of the throat
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| Laryngopharynx | lower part of the throat and surrounds the opening of the esophagus and larynx
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| Thyroid Cartilage | adam's apple
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| Epiglottis | uppermost cartilage and is shaped like a leaf
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| Circoid Cartilage | lowermost cartilage of the larynx
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| Glottis | space between the vocal chords
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| Esophagus | part of digestive system and is a muscular tube behind the trachea
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| Bronchus | joined to lung and leads to right and left lungs
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| Bronchioles | end in alveolar ducts
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| Alveoli | air sacs that look like clusters of grapes
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| Mediastinum | space in the middle of the chest between the lungs
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| Parietal Pleura | outer lining and lines the wall of chest cavity
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| Visceral Pleura | inner layer and covers the surface of the lungs
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| Pleural Space | between the visceral and parietal pleura
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| Pulmonary Ventilation | breathing- mechanical process of moving air into andout of the lungs
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| Inspiration | inhalation- process of breathing in and moving air into the lungs
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| Espiration | exhalation- process of breathing out and moving air out of the lungs
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| Intercostal Muscles | muscles between the ribs
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| Diaphragm | dome shaped muscle below the lungs
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| Respiration | exchange of gases between a living organism and enviroment
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| Internal Respiration | cellular respiration- energuy released from molecules
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| External Respiration | exchange of gases between lungs and blood cells in pulmonary capillaries
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| Erythrocytes | red blood cells
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| Hemoglobin | iron containing protein that bonds with oxygen
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