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Human Body CH 6
Mc-Graw Hill Emergency Care 2nd edition CH 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anatomy | study of an organism |
| Physiology | study of the normal functions of an organism |
| Cells | basic unit of all living tissue |
| Tissue | cluster of cells that perform a specialized function |
| Organ | at least 2 different types of tissue that work together to perform particular function |
| Vital Organ | brain, heart, and lungs that are essential for life |
| Organ System | made of tissues and organs that work together to provide a common function |
| 10 Major Organ Systems | skeletal, muscular, respiratory, circulatory, nervous, integumentary, digestive, endocrine, reproductive, and urinary |
| Homeostasis | maintain constant internal enviroment (steady state) |
| Body Cavity | hollow space in body that contain internal organs |
| Cranial Cavity | located in the head |
| Spinal Cavity | extends from the bottom of the skull to the lower back |
| Central Nervous System (CNS) | Brain and spinal cord consists of |
| Thoracic Cavity | chest cavity located below the neck and above the diaphragm |
| Pericardial Cavity | surrounds the heart |
| Plueral Cavity | surround the lungs |
| Abdominal Cavity | located below the diaphragm and above the pelvis (contains stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen) |
| Peritoneal Cavity | potential space between 2 membranes that line the abdominal cavity |
| Pelvic Cavity | area below the abdominal cavity |
| Umbilicus (Navel) | intersects with the midline |
| Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) | contains liver, gallbladder, portions of the stomach, and the major blood vessels |
| Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ) | contains stomach, spleen, and pancreas |
| Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) | contains appendix |
| Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ) | contains intestines |
| Skeletal System | consists of 206 bones |
| Bone Marrow | located in the hollow cavity of many bones |
| Axial Skeleton | includes skull, spinal column, sternum, and ribs |
| Appendicular Skeleton | upper and lower extremeties (arms and legs)shoulder girdle, and the pelvic girdle |
| Shoulder Girdle | bony arch formed by clavicles (collar bones) and scapulae (shoulder bones) |
| Pelvic Girdle | bones that enclose and protect organs in the pelvic cavity |
| Skull | bony skeleton of the head that protects brain from injury and gives head shape |
| Cranium | contains eight bones that house and protect the brain |
| Frontal | forehead bone |
| Parietal (2) | top sides of the cranium |
| Temporal (2) | lower sides of the cranium |
| Occipital | back of the skull |
| Sphenoid | central part of the floor of the cranium |
| Ethmoid | floor of cranium and sides of septum |
| Face Bones | 14 |
| Orbits | eye sockets |
| Nasal Bones | upper bridge of nose |
| Maxilla | upper jaw |
| Mandible | lower jaw |
| Zygomatic | cheekbones |
| Vertebral Column | spine is made up of 32-33 vertebrae |
| Cervical Vertebrae | 7 |
| Thoracic Vertebrae | 12 |
| Lumbar Vertebrae | 5 |
| Sacrum | 5 fused vertebrae |
| Coccyx | (tailbone) 3-4 fused vertebrae |
| Cervical Spine | hold the head up and allow rotation left to right and movement forward and backward |
| Atlas | 1st cervical vertebra |
| Axis | 2nd cervical vertebra |
| Thorax | consists of 12 thoracic vertebrae, 12 pairs of ribs, the breastbone, and sternum |
| True Ribs | 1-7 attached to the sternum by cartilage |
| Fasle Ribs | 8-10 are attached to the cartilage of the 7th rib |
| Floating Ribs | 11 and 12 are not attached to the front of ther sternum |
| Sternum | consists of 3 sections |
| Manubrium | superior portion of sternum (connects w/ clavicle and 1st rib) |
| Body | middle portion of the sternum |
| Xiphoid Process | inferior portion of the sternum |
| Upper Extremeties | bones of the shoulder girdle, arms, forearms, and the hands |
| Humerus | upper arm bone |
| Radius | lateral and on the thumb sale |
| Ulna | on the medial side |
| Olecranon | (elbow) joint where humerus connects w/ radius and ulna |
| Carpals | wrist |
| Metarcarpals | hand |
| Phalanges | fingers |
| Lower Extremeties | pelvis, upper and lower legs, and the feet |
| Pelvis | bony ring |
| Acetebulum | hip bone |
| Femur | thigh bone |
| Greater Trochanter | large bony prominence on lateral shaft of the femur |
| Patella | knee cap |
| Tibia | shin bone |
| Fibula | smaller leg bone |
| Tarsal | make up the back part of the foot and heel |
| Metatarsals | bones that make up the main part of the foot |
| Phalanges | toes |
| Skeletal Muscles | VOLUNTARY MUSCLE helps move the skeleton and help with body heat and posture |
| Tendons | strong cords of connective tissuetha attaches muscle to bone |
| Ligaments | groups of connective tissue that attach bones to bones and bones to cartiladge also provide support and strength to joints |
| Muscle Tone | state of partial contraction |
| Smooth Muscle | INVOLUNTARY MUSCLE found within tubular structures of gastrointestinal tract, urinary system, blood vessels, the eyes, and bronchi of resp system |
| Cardiac Muscle | found in walls of the heart, produces the heart's contractions and pupms blood |
| Pharynx | throat |
| Larynx | voice box |
| Trachea | windpipe |
| External nares | nostrils |
| Hard palate | floor of the nasal cavity |
| Soft palate | fleshy and extends beyond the hard palate. |
| Sinuses | 4 nasal cavities that drain the nose |
| Turbinates | shelflike projections that protrude into the nasal cavity |
| Pharynx | 3 parts= Nasopharynx, Oropharanyx, Laryngopharynx |
| Nasopharynx | directly behind the nasal caivty |
| Oropharynx | middle part of throat, serves as a passageway for both food and air |
| Uvula | small piece of tissue that hangs down in the back of the throat |
| Laryngopharynx | lower part of the throat and surrounds the opening of the esophagus and larynx |
| Thyroid Cartilage | adam's apple |
| Epiglottis | uppermost cartilage and is shaped like a leaf |
| Circoid Cartilage | lowermost cartilage of the larynx |
| Glottis | space between the vocal chords |
| Esophagus | part of digestive system and is a muscular tube behind the trachea |
| Bronchus | joined to lung and leads to right and left lungs |
| Bronchioles | end in alveolar ducts |
| Alveoli | air sacs that look like clusters of grapes |
| Mediastinum | space in the middle of the chest between the lungs |
| Parietal Pleura | outer lining and lines the wall of chest cavity |
| Visceral Pleura | inner layer and covers the surface of the lungs |
| Pleural Space | between the visceral and parietal pleura |
| Pulmonary Ventilation | breathing- mechanical process of moving air into andout of the lungs |
| Inspiration | inhalation- process of breathing in and moving air into the lungs |
| Espiration | exhalation- process of breathing out and moving air out of the lungs |
| Intercostal Muscles | muscles between the ribs |
| Diaphragm | dome shaped muscle below the lungs |
| Respiration | exchange of gases between a living organism and enviroment |
| Internal Respiration | cellular respiration- energuy released from molecules |
| External Respiration | exchange of gases between lungs and blood cells in pulmonary capillaries |
| Erythrocytes | red blood cells |
| Hemoglobin | iron containing protein that bonds with oxygen |
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