Maternity-Child, definitions, acronyms
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| 5 P's- passenger=the fetus is assessed for: | size of head, attitude, lie, presentation, position, engagement, station
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| 5 P's- passenger-attitude is the | relationship of fetal parts to one another (flexion)
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| 5 P's- passenger-lie is the | relationship of "head to tail" axis of fetus to that of the mother's- vertex/occiput, breech, transverse, oblique
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| 5 P's- passenger-presentation is the | fetal part that enters the pelvis first- cephalic, breech, shoulder
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| 5 P's- passenger-position is the | relationship of the fetal presenting part to mother's pelvis- 3 letters, LOA=best, ROA=oki too
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| 5 P's- passenger-position-1st letter is | R=ight or L=eft side
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| 5 P's- passenger-position-2n letter is | presenting landmark- O=cciput (back of head), M=entum (chin), S=acrum, A=cromion (shoulder)
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| 5 P's- passenger-position-3rd letter is | presenting landmark in relation to front, back and sides of mother's pelvis- A=nterior, P=osterior, T=ransverse
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| 5 P's- passenger-engagement is | when the largest diameter of presenting part reaches pelvic inlet, can be detected by vaginal exam and cannot be displaced
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| crowning | when presenting part can be seen (perineum bulges)
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| 5 P's- passenger-station is | presenting part in relation to ischial spines by cms- above= -1 to -5, at= 0 ("point of no return"), below= +1 to +5
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| 5 P's- powers | primary=freq, intensity, duration of contractions and secondary=mother's pushing efforts (2nd stage)
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| 5 P's- position (mother's) | physical position of mother for labor and birthing/pushing, e.g. squatting
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| 5 p's- pysche | e.g. excitement, fear, anxiety
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| 1st stage labor is | from onset of true labor to complete dilation/effacement, 3 phases-latent, active, transition
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| 2nd stage labor is | active labor, from complete dilation/effacement to delivery
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| 3rd stage labor is | from delivery of baby to delivery of placenta
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| 4th stage labor is | immediate recovery phase, 4hrs following delivery
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| Leopold maneuvers | abdominal palpation to determine fetal position- 1st=head, 2nd=back, 3rd=presenting part, 4th=determine attitude or brow (flexed/extended head)
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| dystocia | abnormal or difficult birth
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| dysplasia | congenital abnormality
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| chorioamnionitis | bacteria infection of fetal membranes
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| tocolytic therapy | intervention for preterm labor, consisting of glucocorticoids to accelerate lung maturity, tocolytics- beta-adren agonist, magnesium sulfate (antidote- calcium gluconate), CCB's- Procardia, prostaglandin inhibitors- NSAID's
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| GPTPAL | gravida=any preg, para=preg >20wks, T=term babies >37wks, P=preterm >20wks and <37wks, A=abortions, L=current living children
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| Hagar's sign | softening of the isthmus of uterus
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| Goodell's sign | softening of cervix
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| Chadwick's sign | bluish color of cervix & vagina
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| Kleinhauer-Betke test | tests amt of fetal hemoglobin in mother's blood
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| Coomb's test- direct and indirect | direct tests for antibodies already bound to red blood cells and indirect tests for unbound circulating bodies, direct is done on baby and indirect is done on mother
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| BUBBLE HEE | breasts, uterus, bladder, bowel, lochia, episiotomy/incision, homan's, emotional, education
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| CPD | cephalopelvic disproportion- passageway not big enough for fetus to go through
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| biophysical profile | fetal breathing movement, movement of limbs or body, fetal tone (ext and flex of extremities), amniotic fluid volume, reactive FHR with activity (reactive NST)
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| APGAR | appearance(color-cyanotic,body pink/ext blue,all body pink), pulse(absent,<100,>100), grimace(reflex-no response,weak response,sneeze/cough,responds promptly), activity (muscle tone- absent, min flexion/sluggish,flexed/active), resp(absent,weak,strong)
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