Lecture Unit 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Four Types of Tissue | 1. Connective tissue (connect) 2. Muscle tissue (contract) 3. Epithelial tissue (cover) 4. Nervous tissue (conduct) (CMEN)
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| Functions of Epithelial Tissue | Forms a barrier between 2 compartments. Functions: physical protection, selective permeability, secretion, sensation. Covers & Lines stuff. Ex: Outermost layer of skin.
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| Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue | Cellularity: minimal ECF. Polarity: apical and basal layers. Attachment: Basal bound to basement membrane. Avascular: nutrients from underlying CT. Innervation: Has nerve endings. Regeneration: High rate via mitosis.
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| Epithelial Tight Junctions | Continuous sealed plasma membranes near apical surface.
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| Epithelial Adhering Junctions | Typically located deep to tight junctions.
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| Epithelial Desmosomes | Provides resistance at a single stress point. Scattered. (Looks like a bad sewing job).
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| Epithelial Gap Junctions | Direct passageway for small molecules to travel between cells.
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| Epithelial first name | Number of cell layers: Simple, Stratified, or pseudostratified.
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| Epithelial second name | Shape of cells: Squamous (flat), Cuboidal (cubed/square), Columnar (tall, skinny).
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| Simple Squamous Epithelium | Functions: Diffusion, Filtration. Locations: Lung air sacs (alveoli), lining of blood vessels, serous membranes. Gas exchange; weak.
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| Simple Cuboidal Epithelium | Functions: Absorption, Secretion.
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| Simple Columnar Epithelium | Functions: Absorption, Secretion, Movement-created by cillia on apical surface. Cillia move whatever is around the cell. Some are ciliated and some aren't.
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| Stratified Squamous Epithelium | Function: Protection. Location: Lining of the oral cavity, Pharynx, Esophagus, Vagina, Anus, Epidermis of skin (keratinized).
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| Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium | Functions: Protection, Movement.
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| Transitional Epithelium | Functions: Distention and relaxation of urinary structures. Locations: Ureters, bladder, urethra.
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| Glands | Made up of epithelial tissue. Exocrine: ducts secrete material onto an epithelial surface. Endocrine: ductless. Cells secrete products into interstitial fluid and bloodstream.
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| Types of Exocrine glands. | Merocrine, Holocrine, Apocrine
(Know pictures).
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| Merocrine Glands | Secrete via vesicles. Lacrimal, salivary, gastric, pancreatic, and ECCRINE SWEAT GLANDS-almost all water.
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| Holocrine Glands | Entire cell disintegrates. Sebaceous glands (oil glands ex: skin, hair).
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| Apocrine glands | Secrete by cell decapitation. Mammary and apocrine sweat glands. breasts, armpits & anogenital region. Thicker sweat w/ protein and fat-food for bacteria.
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| Types of Connective Tissue | Common embryonic origin: mesenchyme. 1. Connective tissue proper 2. Cartilage 3. Bone 4. Blood
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| Functions of Connective Tissue | Physical protection, support and structural framework, Binding of structures, Storage of calcium and fat, Transport of nutrients, hormones, and gasses, Immune protection.
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| Characteristics of Connective Tissue | Cells: not in direct contact with each other. Float in ECM. Extracellular Matrix: Ground substance consists of proteins, carbohydrates, and water. Protein fibers offer strength and support. Collagen, elastic, and reticular.
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| Collagen | Long, skinny, strong. Can tear.
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| Elastic | Rubberband like. Not very strong. Give flexibility to a tissue.
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| Reticular | Branched protein. In between.
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| Connective Tissue Proper (2 subsections) | 1. Loose CT 2. Dense CT
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| Loose Connective Tissue | Areolar: Surrounding vessels, nerves, etc. Sponge like. Adipose: subcutaneous layer, surrounding organs. fat. Reticular: inside lymphatic organs. Branched support, holds organs together.
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| Dense Connective Tissue | Regular: Tendons, ligaments. Strong in 1 direction, weak in another. parallel lines. Irregular: dermis of skin. Strong in every direction. Elastic: Walls of large arteries. support, flexibility.
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| Scurvy | Caused by vitamin C deficiency. Normal collagen fibers can't form. Weakens gums, teeth, bones, & internal mucosa. Wounds and fractures don't heal well. Prevalent among sailors.
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| Marfan Syndrome | Genetic. Abnormal gene on chromosome 15. Abnormalities in fibrillin, collagen, & elastin. Causes skeletal, vision, cardio, and connective tissue abnormalities. Tall & thin w/ long legs, arms, fingers & toes. Die by age 50 due to heart weakness. Elastic.
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| Gangrene | Caused by lack of blood flow, mechanical injury, bacterial infection, or diabetes. Dry, wet: covered in bodily fluids, gas: deep in muscle, creates bubbles.
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