Quiz Tues. 1-17!!!
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| What is the preferred energy source for many of the body's functions? | Carbohydrates
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| People who wish to lose weight should do what? | be physically active, pay attention to portion size, balance diet
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| What are carbs? | Energy nutrients composed of monosaccharides
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| What are monosaccharides? | single unit sugar
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| What are disacchardies? | Long chains of monosaccharide units arranges as starch, glycogen or fiber
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| What is fructose? | Fruit sugar, monosaccharide
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| What is homeostasis? | The maintenance of constant inter conditions
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| What are polysaccharides? | compounds composed of chains of monosacchardies units
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| What are 3 monosaccharides important in nutrition? | glucose, fructose and galactose
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| What used glucose for energy? | Brain and NS
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| What does insulin do? | moves glucose from the blood into the cells
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| What does glucagon do? | brings glucose out of storage when blood glucose falls
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| What is fructose in? | fruit, honey and sap
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| What is Galactose? | Milk sugar
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| What are important disacchardies? | maltose, sucrose and lactose
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| What is sucrose? | White sugar (glucose + Fructose)
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| What is Lactose? | Carb. of milk, (glucose + galactose)
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| What is Maltose? | Glucose + Glucose, produced when starch breaks down
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| Polysaccharides are composed mostly of what? | GLUCOSE
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| What polysaccharides are important in nutrition? | Starch, glycogen and fibers
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| What is Glycogen? | Storage form of energy for humans and animals, allllll glucose
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| Where is glycogen found? | Meat
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| The human body stores much of it glucose as? | Glycogen in the liver and muscles
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| What is the first organ to respond after blood glucose rises? | Pancreas
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| Muscle and liver cells use excess glucose to build what? | glycogen
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| The muscles hoard how much of the body's total glycogen? | 2/3
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| What is starch? | long, straight, or branched chain of hundreds or thousands of glucose units linked together
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| When someone eats starch what does the body do? | Splits the starch into glucose units
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| What foods contain starch? | grains, and legumes
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| What is the third major source of starch? | potatoes and yams (Root vegies)
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| What are dietary fibers? | The structural parts of plants (vegies, fruits, whole grains, and legumes )
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| Most dietary fibers are? | polysaccharides
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| Dietary fibers do not provide much what to the body? | Energy
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| What is the main component in plant cell walls? | Cellulose
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| What are pectins abundant in? | Vegies and fruits (thicken jelly)
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| What are pectins in? | Cereal fibers
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| What are lignins? | tough woody parts of plants
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| What are resistant starches? | starches that escape digestion and absorption in the small intestine.
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| What is resistant starch in? foods? | milled grains, legumes, raw potatoes, and unripe bananas
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| Resistant starch may support what? | healthy colon
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| Fibers are divided into what two catagories? | Soluble and insoluble
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| What are soluble fibers? | They dissolve in water and form gels that are easily digested in bacteria in large intestine
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| What are insoluble fibers? | do not dissolve and do not form gels and are less readily fermented (easily eliminated)
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| What are storage forms of glucose? | glycogen and starch
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| T or F: dietary fibers can be broken down by human digestive system and provide lots of energy | F
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| What foods are fiber rich carbs? | vegies, whole grain, legumes and fruits
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| What are naturally occurring sugars? | sugars that are not added to a food but are present as its original constituents
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| What are added sugars? | sugars and syrups added to a food
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| What is viscous? | a gel like consistency
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| What are the average amount of sugar a person consumes per year? | 100 lbs
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| What is the rise is sugar consumption caused by? | commercially prepared foods and beverages
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| The usual amount of added sugars consumed in a day averages? | more than 22 tsp
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| sugars can be detrimental in what two ways? | 1. sugars can contribute to nutrient deficiencies by giving energy with no nutrients 2. sugars contribute to tooth decay or dental caries
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| What are carb containing foods that cause cavitites? | bread, bananas, milk and sugar
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| What caused obesity to sky rocket? | high fructose corn syrup
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| What is brown sugar? | white sugar with molasses added
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| What is concentration fruit juice sweetner? | A concentrated sugar syrup made from dehydrated, deflavored fruit juice
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| What is confectioner's sugar? | finely powdered sucrose
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| What is corn sweeteners? | corn syrup and sugar solution from corn
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| What is corn syrup? | a syrup mostly glucose (some maltose) produced by the actions of enzymes on cornstarch
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| What is dextrose? | an older name for glucose
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| What is evaporated cane juice? | raw sugar from which imputities have been removed
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| What is honey? | concentration solution primarily composed of glucose and fructose
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| What is invert sugar? | mixture of glucose and fructose formed by the splitting of sucrose in a industrial process
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| What is levulose? | An older name for fructose
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| What is maple sugar? | a concentration solution of sucrose derived from the sap of the sugar maple tree's, mostly sucrose
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| What is molasses? | a syrup left over from the refining of sucrose from sugarcane, thick brown syrup
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| What is raw sugar? | The first crop of crystals harvested during sugar processing (to much dirt)
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| What is turbinado? | Raw sugar from which the filth has been washed
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| What is white sugar? | pure sucrose, prduced by dissolving and recrytallizing raw sugar
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| T or F: Honey contains some vitamins and minerals? | T: but not many
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| T or F: honey is known to relieve nighttime coughing and mouth ulcers | T
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| What are sugar alcohols? | sugarlike compounds. like sugars, they are sweet to taste but yeild 2 to 3 k cal per gram
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| What are nutritive sweeteners? | sweeteners that yield energy
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| What are artificial sweeteners? | noncarbohydrate, nonkcaloric synthetic sweetening agents (nonnutritive sweeteners
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| sugar alcohols are? | carbs with less energy
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| sugar alcohols are often called? | nutritive sweeteners because they do yeild some energy
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| Sugar alcohols cause? | gas, abdominal discomfot, and diarrhea
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| The advantage of using sugar alcohol and artificial sweetners is? | they do not contribute to cavities
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| Sugar alcohols are used in? | Gum, mints and other products that people put in their mouths
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| What is saccharin? | it is a sweetener used often in soda
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| What is the problem with saccharin? | it increased bladder cancer in rats
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| What is acceptable daily intake? | The amount of an artifical sweetener that individuals can safely consume each day over the course of a lifetime without adverse effect.
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| What is Acesulfame-K? | A 0 calorie sweetener approved by the FDA
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| What is aspartame? | a compound of phenyalanine and aspartic acid that tastes like the sugar sucrose but much sweeter
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| What is cyclamate? | a 0 calorie sweetener
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| What is neotame? | artifical sweetener composed of 2 amino acids
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| What is sucralose? | nonkcaloric sweetener derived from a chlorinate form of sugar that travels though the GI tract unabsorbed
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| What is tagatose? | an incompletely absorbed monosacchardie sweetener derived from latose
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| people with _________ cannot consume aspartame? | metabolic disorder
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| ________ passes through the body unchanged? | sucralose
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| _______ is 7,000 times sweeter than sugar? | Neotame
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| What is classified as "generally recognized as safe"? | Tagatose
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| Tagatose cause what GI prob? | gas, rumbling, and loose stools
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| what artificial sugar has been having issures for 50 years? | Cyclamate
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| What foods decrease risk of type 2 diabetes? | high fiber
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| What foods protect against hearth disease? | whole grains, legumes and vegies
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| What is glycemic response? | refers to how quick glucose is absorbed after a person eats, how high glucose rises, and how quickly it returns to normal.
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| What is the glycemic index? | is a method of classifying foods according to their potential to raise blood glucose
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| What enhances the health of the large intestine? | Dietary fibers
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| What do fibers do? | prevent constipation and ease elimination for rectal muscles
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| What lowers the risk of diverticulosis? | insoluble fibers
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| AS people increase their dietary fiber intakes? | their risk for colon cancer declines
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| Are fiber rich foods tend to be high or low in fat and added sugars? | Low
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| Dietary fiber intake protects against body fat because? | They create feelings of fullness, lowering food intake, and delaying hunger
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| consuming too much fiber causes? | minerals to bind and get excreted before the body uses them
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| carbs should contribute to how much energy? | half
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| T or F: to much fiber is no better than too little | T
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| What does a diet rich in starches and dietary fibers help prevent? | heart disease, diabetes, GI disorders, cancer
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| Most grain choices should be? | low in fat and sugar
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| What is the only group that does not provide carbs? | meat
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| Why do people have worst nutrion now than they used to? | Fast food (presevatives, sodium, MSG)
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| What can support bacterial growth in the mouth? | Carbs
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| What does bacteria produce that eats away at enamel? | Acid
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