Nutrition Ch. 2
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| What is the Pharynx? | The passageway leading from the nose and mouth to the larynx and exophagus
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| What is the epiglottis? | Cartilage in the throat that guards the entrance to the trachea and prevents fluid or food from entering when a person swallows
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| What is the sphincter? | a circular muscle surrouding and able to close a body opening
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| What is the appendix? | a narrow blind sac extending from the beginning of the colon that stores lymph cells
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| After food passes into your stomach it turns into? | Chyme
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| What is gastointestinal motility? | spontaneous motion in the digestive tract accomplished by involuntary muscular contraction
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| Peristalsis= | Propels (pushes)
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| Segmentation= | mixes, takes them back causing them to mix then pushing forward again
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| What factors interfere with normal GI tract contractions? | stress, meds, medical conditions
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| They pyloric sphincter open up to the small intestine? | 3 times per min
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| After the stomach liquifies food no longer ____ | looks like food
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| What organs secrete digestive juices? | salivary glands, stomach, small intestine, liver (gallbladder) and the pancreas
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| saliva contains? | water, salt, and enzyme, and amylase (they break down starch)
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| Gastric juices contain? | water, enzyme, and hydrochloric acid
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| What is amylase? | enzyme that splits amylose (starch)
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| What is hydochloric acid? | acid composed of hydrogen and chloride
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| What protects the cells from digestive juices? | mucus
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| what is pepsin? | a protien digesting enzyme in the stomach
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| What is intestinal juice? | the secretion of the intestinal glands. contains enzymes for digestion of carbs and protein and some fat
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| What is bile? | secreted by the liver and it emulsifies (suspends fat in water) fats and oil for digestion. stored in gallbladder and released by small intestine
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| what is bicarbonate? | an alkaline secretion of the pancreas, neutralizes chyme
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| If the meal is high in simple sugars digestion is? | rapid
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| If the meal is high in fat? | Slow
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| What makes stool soft? | Fiber because it retains water
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| Most absorbtion takes place where? | Small intestine (10 ft long)
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| Nutrients are absorbed where? | small intestine and taken to the liver
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| what are villi in the small intestine? | several hundred cells on the small folds in the small intestine
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| What are microvilli? | Hairs on the villi that trap nutrients
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| How are nutrients trasported in the body? | blood and lymphatic system
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| What are triglycerides? | One of the main classes of lipids the cheif form of fat
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| what are chylmicrons? | The lipoprotiens that transport lipids from the intestinal cells into the body. the cells of the obdy remove the lipids they need from them.
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| What does the lymphatic system do? | conveys the products of digestion toward the heart
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| What are lipoproteins? | cluster of lipids associated with proteins that serve as transport vehicles for lipids in lymph and blood
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| what is the vascular system? | a closed system of vessels through which blood flows in a figure 8, with the heart serving as a pump at the crossover point. (heart, arteries, capillaries, veins, heart)
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| How is blood flow to the digestive system? | carried to the digestive system by arteries-capillaries to reach every cell
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| how does blood flow from the digestive system? | veins
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| Where does the hepatic portal vein go? | to the liver
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| Blood leaving the liver leaves by? | hepatic vein and returns it to the heart
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| What is the body's major metabolic organ? | Liver
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| the liver protects what? | Heart and brain
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| They lymphatic system is? | a one way route for fluids to travel from tissue spaces into the blood
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| Lipids travel bundled with what? | protein
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| What are very low dense proteins? | the type of lipoproteins made by liver cells to transport lipids to variou tissures in the body
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| what are low density lipoproteins? | Type of lipoprteins derived from VLDL as cells remove triglycerides from them. they carry cholesterol and triglycerides from liver to cells and are composed of cholesterol
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| what are high density lipoproteins? | the type of lipoprteins that transport cholesterol back to the liver from peripheral cells composed of protein
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| high LDL mean? | High risk of disease
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| Elevated HDL mean? | Low risk
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| what affects GI tract health? | sleep, activity, state of mind and nutrition
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| sleep allows the GI tract to? | repair tissure
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| Activity allows the GI tract to? | healthy muscle tone and protects agianst colon cancer
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