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Nutrition Ch. 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the Pharynx? | The passageway leading from the nose and mouth to the larynx and exophagus |
| What is the epiglottis? | Cartilage in the throat that guards the entrance to the trachea and prevents fluid or food from entering when a person swallows |
| What is the sphincter? | a circular muscle surrouding and able to close a body opening |
| What is the appendix? | a narrow blind sac extending from the beginning of the colon that stores lymph cells |
| After food passes into your stomach it turns into? | Chyme |
| What is gastointestinal motility? | spontaneous motion in the digestive tract accomplished by involuntary muscular contraction |
| Peristalsis= | Propels (pushes) |
| Segmentation= | mixes, takes them back causing them to mix then pushing forward again |
| What factors interfere with normal GI tract contractions? | stress, meds, medical conditions |
| They pyloric sphincter open up to the small intestine? | 3 times per min |
| After the stomach liquifies food no longer ____ | looks like food |
| What organs secrete digestive juices? | salivary glands, stomach, small intestine, liver (gallbladder) and the pancreas |
| saliva contains? | water, salt, and enzyme, and amylase (they break down starch) |
| Gastric juices contain? | water, enzyme, and hydrochloric acid |
| What is amylase? | enzyme that splits amylose (starch) |
| What is hydochloric acid? | acid composed of hydrogen and chloride |
| What protects the cells from digestive juices? | mucus |
| what is pepsin? | a protien digesting enzyme in the stomach |
| What is intestinal juice? | the secretion of the intestinal glands. contains enzymes for digestion of carbs and protein and some fat |
| What is bile? | secreted by the liver and it emulsifies (suspends fat in water) fats and oil for digestion. stored in gallbladder and released by small intestine |
| what is bicarbonate? | an alkaline secretion of the pancreas, neutralizes chyme |
| If the meal is high in simple sugars digestion is? | rapid |
| If the meal is high in fat? | Slow |
| What makes stool soft? | Fiber because it retains water |
| Most absorbtion takes place where? | Small intestine (10 ft long) |
| Nutrients are absorbed where? | small intestine and taken to the liver |
| what are villi in the small intestine? | several hundred cells on the small folds in the small intestine |
| What are microvilli? | Hairs on the villi that trap nutrients |
| How are nutrients trasported in the body? | blood and lymphatic system |
| What are triglycerides? | One of the main classes of lipids the cheif form of fat |
| what are chylmicrons? | The lipoprotiens that transport lipids from the intestinal cells into the body. the cells of the obdy remove the lipids they need from them. |
| What does the lymphatic system do? | conveys the products of digestion toward the heart |
| What are lipoproteins? | cluster of lipids associated with proteins that serve as transport vehicles for lipids in lymph and blood |
| what is the vascular system? | a closed system of vessels through which blood flows in a figure 8, with the heart serving as a pump at the crossover point. (heart, arteries, capillaries, veins, heart) |
| How is blood flow to the digestive system? | carried to the digestive system by arteries-capillaries to reach every cell |
| how does blood flow from the digestive system? | veins |
| Where does the hepatic portal vein go? | to the liver |
| Blood leaving the liver leaves by? | hepatic vein and returns it to the heart |
| What is the body's major metabolic organ? | Liver |
| the liver protects what? | Heart and brain |
| They lymphatic system is? | a one way route for fluids to travel from tissue spaces into the blood |
| Lipids travel bundled with what? | protein |
| What are very low dense proteins? | the type of lipoproteins made by liver cells to transport lipids to variou tissures in the body |
| what are low density lipoproteins? | Type of lipoprteins derived from VLDL as cells remove triglycerides from them. they carry cholesterol and triglycerides from liver to cells and are composed of cholesterol |
| what are high density lipoproteins? | the type of lipoprteins that transport cholesterol back to the liver from peripheral cells composed of protein |
| high LDL mean? | High risk of disease |
| Elevated HDL mean? | Low risk |
| what affects GI tract health? | sleep, activity, state of mind and nutrition |
| sleep allows the GI tract to? | repair tissure |
| Activity allows the GI tract to? | healthy muscle tone and protects agianst colon cancer |
Created by:
alicia.rennaker
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