Nutrition Ch. 1
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| The choices people make each day affect not only their physical health but also? | Their Wellness
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| People who make bad choices daily increase a health risk of? | Disease
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| Definition of health? | a range of states with physical, mental, emotional, spiritual and social components..
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| Definition of wellness? | Maximum well being
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| People will alter their eating habits only if? | their prefrences are honored
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| What foods can reduce the risk of cancer? | Fruits and Vegies because they contain phytochemicals and nutrients.
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| What affects food choices? | Preference, habit, associations, ethnic heritage and tradition, religion, values, social interaction, emotional state, convenience, age, occupation, image, medical conditions
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| What does association mean when it comes to food choices? | Foods that are eaten at family gathering or given to them as a child. Associated with happy associations.
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| How does someones values affect food choice? | They may only pick food that is in recycles containers or only sold by local farmers.
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| What is nutrition? | the science of foods and the nutrients and other substances they contain, and the way they are taken into the body.
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| What is bioactive food components? | components in foods that alter physiological processes in the body.
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| What are phytochemicals? | compounds in plants that confer color, taste and other characteristics.
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| What are foodways? | The eating habits and culinary practices of a people, region, or historical period.
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| What are ethnic diets? | Foodways and cuisines typical of national orgins, races, and heritages.
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| How do emotions effect diets? | Eat if they are bored, depressed, or need to calm anxiety
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| What foods to adults usually choose? | foods that reflects their health concer. ex. No sweets
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| How does occupation effect food choices? | Because they may have a job that keeps them away from home and they may only have little time to eat.
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| How does medical conditions effect food choice? | Heart attack (lower fats) Allergies
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| What is the primary concern for making food choices? | Nutrition
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| What are functional foods? | foods that provide health benefits beyond their nutrient contributions
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| What are the simplist functional foods? | Whole foods such as oatmeal or tomatoes
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| Type of food that has been modified? | orange juice fortified with calcium to build strong bones.
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| Why do consumers usually welcome new food? | easy to find, clearly labeled, easy to find, convienient.
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| What are the healthiest food choices? | Whole grains, fruits and vegies, fish, poultry, and milk products
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| What are the six classes of nutrients? | Water, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals
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| What are the nutrients that food must supply the body? | Essential nutrients
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| What nutrients contain carbon and are organic (living)? | Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and vitamins
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| During metabolism which nutrients provide energy (Energy yielding nutrients)? | Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
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| What 2 nutrients meet most of the body's energy needs? | Carbohydrates and fats
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| What makes a contribution to energy when other nutrients are unavailable? | Protein
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| What nutrient facilitats the release of energy from the three energy yeilding nutrients? | Vitamins
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| What are the 2 inorganic nutrients? | Water and minerals
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| T or F: Minerals help the release of energy | TRUE
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| What is the medium in which all the body's processes take place? | Water
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| What is the amount of energy that carbs, fats, and proteins release measured in? | Calories
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| What are calories? | tiny units of energy so small that a single apple provides tens of thousands of them
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| Food Energy is expresses in what metric units? | Kilocalories (Kcalories)
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| What are Kcalories? | They are a measure of the energy food provide
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| Carbs and protiens yields ____ of energy from each gram? | 4
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| Fat yields ___ of energy? | 9
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| How to you find the amount of Kcalories? | Carbs and proteins X4 Fats X9 And add together
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| What is pure carbohydrate? | Sugar
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| What is pure fat? | Oil
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| What other substance contributes energy? | Alcohol
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| What rate is energy derived from alcohol? | 7 kcalories per gram
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| What is energy density? | A measure of the energy a food provides relative to the amount of food
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| What are dietary reference intakes? | a set of volues for the dietary nutrient intakes of healthy peple in the US and canada, used to plan diets
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| The DRI provides what 2 sets of values to be used a nutrient intake goals? | RDA-recommended dietary allowances and AI-adequate intakes
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| What are recommended dietary allowances? | A set of values reflecting the average daily amounts of nutrients considered adequate to meet the known nutrient needs of practically all healthy people in a particualar life stage and gender group
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| What are adequate intakes? | a set of values that are used as guides for nutrient intakes when scientific evidence is insufficient to determine an RDA
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| What is requirements? | The lowest continuing intake of a nutrient that will maintain a specified criterion of adequacy.
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| What is deficient? | In regard to nutrient intake, describes the amount below which almost all healthy people can be expected, over time, to experience deficiency symptoms
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| What is EAR? | Estimated average requirements Nutrients
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| What is the tolerable upper intake levels? | a set of values reflecting the highest average daily nutrient intake levels that are likely to pose no risk of toxicity to almost all healhty individuals in a particular life stage and gender group
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| What is EAR used for? N | Program for groups (school, military)
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| What is RDA used for? N | set goals for individuals
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| What is UL used for? N | help to keep nutrient intake below the amounts that cause toxicity
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| What is the DRI used for? N | variety of purposes
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| What is the EER (estimated energy requirement)? | recommendation for energy intake based on age, gender, weight, height, and physical activity
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| How do you get energy balance? | energy expenditure=energy intake
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| Excess of energy (protein,fat,carb) leads to? | Weight gain
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| What is AMDR-Acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges? | Healthy ranges of intakes for the energy yielding nutrients (carb, fat, protein)
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| What does the DRI committee determine is the right amount of energy yeilding nutrients to prevent disease? | 45 to 65 % of carb 20 to 35 % of fat 10 to 35 % of protein
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| What are some nutrient related conditions? | growth retardation, heart disease, and nutrient deficiencies
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| What is malnutrition? | any condition cause by deficient or excess energy or nutrient intake or by an imbalance of nutrients
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| What is Healthy People? | a program that identifies that nation's health priorities and guides policies that promote health and prevent diesease
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| What do nutrition surveys measure? | food consumption and evaluate the nutrition status of populations
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| What is overnutrtion? | overconsumption of food energy or nutrients sufficient to cause disease or increased ssceptibility to disease
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| What is undernutrition? | underconsumption of food energy or nutrient severse enough to cause disease or increase disease
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| What contributes to many chronic diseases? | excess of energy, certain fats, and alcohol
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| What 2 lifestyle habits have more effect on health than diet? | smoking, and excessive alcohol drinking
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| what 4 things influence disease? | diet, genetics, activity,and lifestyle
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| A nutritious diet is achieved by _ basic ideals? | 6
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| What are the 6 characeristics of a nutritious diet? | Adequacy, balance(nutrients), kcarlorie control(healthy energy), nutritent density, moderation, and variety
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| What are empty kcalorie foods? | provide energy but no protein, vit, or minerals (chips, candy, colas)
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| Nutrient density promotes? | adequacy and kcalorie control
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| A well planned diet delivers? | adequate nutrients, a balanced array of nutrients, and an appropriate amount of energy
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| A ________ lifestyle is linked to the major degenerative diseases? | Sedentary
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| What is Aerobic physical activity? | Activity in which the body's large muscles move in a rhythmic manner a sustained period of time. (walk, run, swim, bicycle)
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| What is moderate intensity physical activity? | physical activity the requires some increase in breathing or heart rate
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| What is vigorous intensity physical activity? | physical activity that requires a large increase in breathing and heart rate
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| What does the body do when it is resting after physical activity? | they body repairs injuries, disposes of wastes, and builds new physical structures
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| What is cardiorespiratory excercise? | running, cycling, swimming, skating, rowing...
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| What is strength excercise? | pull up, push up, weight lifting
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| What is flexibility excercise? | Yoga
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| What is a food group plan? | a diet plainning tool that sorts foods into groups based on nutrient content and then specifies that people should eat certain amounts of food from each group
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| What are the 5 food groups? | fruits, vegies, grains, meat poultry fish, milk yogurt and cheese
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| What are legumes? | bean with seeds that are rich in protein
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| What provides vit. B? | Dark green vegies
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| What provides vit. A? | Orange vegies
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| What do legumes supply? | iron and protein
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| The USDA nutrients of concern are? | Vit. ACE (Ca, Mg, and K)
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| What is discretionary kcalorie allowance? | The kcalories remaining in a person's energy allowance after consuming enough nutrient dense foods to meet all nutrient needs for a day
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| Added fats and sugars are always counted as? | Discretionary Kcalories
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| The USDA food guide emphasizes? | Nutrient dense foods
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| What does the "nutrition facts" panel provide? | Serving size, daily values and nutrient quantities
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| What do daily values do? | they set adequacy standards for nutrients that are desirable in the diet and they set moderation standards for other nutrients that must be limited
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| What are daily values? | reference values developed by the FDA
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| How is nutrient information presented? | quantities and percents
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| What claims do you find on labels? | nutrient claims, health claims, structure function claims
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| What is a nutrient claim? | describes the content of the product (contains or doesn't contain)
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| What are health claims? | When the FDA investigate to make sure a claim is true
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| What are structure function claims? | statement about a food substances effect on a structure or function of the body
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| Food labels list ingredients in? | Descending order
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