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Nutrition Ch. 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The choices people make each day affect not only their physical health but also? | Their Wellness |
| People who make bad choices daily increase a health risk of? | Disease |
| Definition of health? | a range of states with physical, mental, emotional, spiritual and social components.. |
| Definition of wellness? | Maximum well being |
| People will alter their eating habits only if? | their prefrences are honored |
| What foods can reduce the risk of cancer? | Fruits and Vegies because they contain phytochemicals and nutrients. |
| What affects food choices? | Preference, habit, associations, ethnic heritage and tradition, religion, values, social interaction, emotional state, convenience, age, occupation, image, medical conditions |
| What does association mean when it comes to food choices? | Foods that are eaten at family gathering or given to them as a child. Associated with happy associations. |
| How does someones values affect food choice? | They may only pick food that is in recycles containers or only sold by local farmers. |
| What is nutrition? | the science of foods and the nutrients and other substances they contain, and the way they are taken into the body. |
| What is bioactive food components? | components in foods that alter physiological processes in the body. |
| What are phytochemicals? | compounds in plants that confer color, taste and other characteristics. |
| What are foodways? | The eating habits and culinary practices of a people, region, or historical period. |
| What are ethnic diets? | Foodways and cuisines typical of national orgins, races, and heritages. |
| How do emotions effect diets? | Eat if they are bored, depressed, or need to calm anxiety |
| What foods to adults usually choose? | foods that reflects their health concer. ex. No sweets |
| How does occupation effect food choices? | Because they may have a job that keeps them away from home and they may only have little time to eat. |
| How does medical conditions effect food choice? | Heart attack (lower fats) Allergies |
| What is the primary concern for making food choices? | Nutrition |
| What are functional foods? | foods that provide health benefits beyond their nutrient contributions |
| What are the simplist functional foods? | Whole foods such as oatmeal or tomatoes |
| Type of food that has been modified? | orange juice fortified with calcium to build strong bones. |
| Why do consumers usually welcome new food? | easy to find, clearly labeled, easy to find, convienient. |
| What are the healthiest food choices? | Whole grains, fruits and vegies, fish, poultry, and milk products |
| What are the six classes of nutrients? | Water, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals |
| What are the nutrients that food must supply the body? | Essential nutrients |
| What nutrients contain carbon and are organic (living)? | Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and vitamins |
| During metabolism which nutrients provide energy (Energy yielding nutrients)? | Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. |
| What 2 nutrients meet most of the body's energy needs? | Carbohydrates and fats |
| What makes a contribution to energy when other nutrients are unavailable? | Protein |
| What nutrient facilitats the release of energy from the three energy yeilding nutrients? | Vitamins |
| What are the 2 inorganic nutrients? | Water and minerals |
| T or F: Minerals help the release of energy | TRUE |
| What is the medium in which all the body's processes take place? | Water |
| What is the amount of energy that carbs, fats, and proteins release measured in? | Calories |
| What are calories? | tiny units of energy so small that a single apple provides tens of thousands of them |
| Food Energy is expresses in what metric units? | Kilocalories (Kcalories) |
| What are Kcalories? | They are a measure of the energy food provide |
| Carbs and protiens yields ____ of energy from each gram? | 4 |
| Fat yields ___ of energy? | 9 |
| How to you find the amount of Kcalories? | Carbs and proteins X4 Fats X9 And add together |
| What is pure carbohydrate? | Sugar |
| What is pure fat? | Oil |
| What other substance contributes energy? | Alcohol |
| What rate is energy derived from alcohol? | 7 kcalories per gram |
| What is energy density? | A measure of the energy a food provides relative to the amount of food |
| What are dietary reference intakes? | a set of volues for the dietary nutrient intakes of healthy peple in the US and canada, used to plan diets |
| The DRI provides what 2 sets of values to be used a nutrient intake goals? | RDA-recommended dietary allowances and AI-adequate intakes |
| What are recommended dietary allowances? | A set of values reflecting the average daily amounts of nutrients considered adequate to meet the known nutrient needs of practically all healthy people in a particualar life stage and gender group |
| What are adequate intakes? | a set of values that are used as guides for nutrient intakes when scientific evidence is insufficient to determine an RDA |
| What is requirements? | The lowest continuing intake of a nutrient that will maintain a specified criterion of adequacy. |
| What is deficient? | In regard to nutrient intake, describes the amount below which almost all healthy people can be expected, over time, to experience deficiency symptoms |
| What is EAR? | Estimated average requirements Nutrients |
| What is the tolerable upper intake levels? | a set of values reflecting the highest average daily nutrient intake levels that are likely to pose no risk of toxicity to almost all healhty individuals in a particular life stage and gender group |
| What is EAR used for? N | Program for groups (school, military) |
| What is RDA used for? N | set goals for individuals |
| What is UL used for? N | help to keep nutrient intake below the amounts that cause toxicity |
| What is the DRI used for? N | variety of purposes |
| What is the EER (estimated energy requirement)? | recommendation for energy intake based on age, gender, weight, height, and physical activity |
| How do you get energy balance? | energy expenditure=energy intake |
| Excess of energy (protein,fat,carb) leads to? | Weight gain |
| What is AMDR-Acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges? | Healthy ranges of intakes for the energy yielding nutrients (carb, fat, protein) |
| What does the DRI committee determine is the right amount of energy yeilding nutrients to prevent disease? | 45 to 65 % of carb 20 to 35 % of fat 10 to 35 % of protein |
| What are some nutrient related conditions? | growth retardation, heart disease, and nutrient deficiencies |
| What is malnutrition? | any condition cause by deficient or excess energy or nutrient intake or by an imbalance of nutrients |
| What is Healthy People? | a program that identifies that nation's health priorities and guides policies that promote health and prevent diesease |
| What do nutrition surveys measure? | food consumption and evaluate the nutrition status of populations |
| What is overnutrtion? | overconsumption of food energy or nutrients sufficient to cause disease or increased ssceptibility to disease |
| What is undernutrition? | underconsumption of food energy or nutrient severse enough to cause disease or increase disease |
| What contributes to many chronic diseases? | excess of energy, certain fats, and alcohol |
| What 2 lifestyle habits have more effect on health than diet? | smoking, and excessive alcohol drinking |
| what 4 things influence disease? | diet, genetics, activity,and lifestyle |
| A nutritious diet is achieved by _ basic ideals? | 6 |
| What are the 6 characeristics of a nutritious diet? | Adequacy, balance(nutrients), kcarlorie control(healthy energy), nutritent density, moderation, and variety |
| What are empty kcalorie foods? | provide energy but no protein, vit, or minerals (chips, candy, colas) |
| Nutrient density promotes? | adequacy and kcalorie control |
| A well planned diet delivers? | adequate nutrients, a balanced array of nutrients, and an appropriate amount of energy |
| A ________ lifestyle is linked to the major degenerative diseases? | Sedentary |
| What is Aerobic physical activity? | Activity in which the body's large muscles move in a rhythmic manner a sustained period of time. (walk, run, swim, bicycle) |
| What is moderate intensity physical activity? | physical activity the requires some increase in breathing or heart rate |
| What is vigorous intensity physical activity? | physical activity that requires a large increase in breathing and heart rate |
| What does the body do when it is resting after physical activity? | they body repairs injuries, disposes of wastes, and builds new physical structures |
| What is cardiorespiratory excercise? | running, cycling, swimming, skating, rowing... |
| What is strength excercise? | pull up, push up, weight lifting |
| What is flexibility excercise? | Yoga |
| What is a food group plan? | a diet plainning tool that sorts foods into groups based on nutrient content and then specifies that people should eat certain amounts of food from each group |
| What are the 5 food groups? | fruits, vegies, grains, meat poultry fish, milk yogurt and cheese |
| What are legumes? | bean with seeds that are rich in protein |
| What provides vit. B? | Dark green vegies |
| What provides vit. A? | Orange vegies |
| What do legumes supply? | iron and protein |
| The USDA nutrients of concern are? | Vit. ACE (Ca, Mg, and K) |
| What is discretionary kcalorie allowance? | The kcalories remaining in a person's energy allowance after consuming enough nutrient dense foods to meet all nutrient needs for a day |
| Added fats and sugars are always counted as? | Discretionary Kcalories |
| The USDA food guide emphasizes? | Nutrient dense foods |
| What does the "nutrition facts" panel provide? | Serving size, daily values and nutrient quantities |
| What do daily values do? | they set adequacy standards for nutrients that are desirable in the diet and they set moderation standards for other nutrients that must be limited |
| What are daily values? | reference values developed by the FDA |
| How is nutrient information presented? | quantities and percents |
| What claims do you find on labels? | nutrient claims, health claims, structure function claims |
| What is a nutrient claim? | describes the content of the product (contains or doesn't contain) |
| What are health claims? | When the FDA investigate to make sure a claim is true |
| What are structure function claims? | statement about a food substances effect on a structure or function of the body |
| Food labels list ingredients in? | Descending order |
Created by:
alicia.rennaker
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