Basic structure of the human body (updated)
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| Is composed of ordinary elements. | Protoplasm
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| Microscopic structures that carry on all of the functions of life. | Cells
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| Vary in shape and size and perform many different functions. | Cells
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| A semi-fluid inside the cell but outside the nucleus | Cytoplasm
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| A mass in the cytoplasm | Nucleus
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| Located in the cytoplasm and near the nucleus | centrosome
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| Gametes divide by a process known as | meiosis
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| An insufficient amount of tissue fluid results in | dehydration
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| A soft connective tissue includes | ligaments and tendons
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| Hard connective tissue includes | cartilage and bone.
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| Produces power and movement by contraction of muscle fibers | muscle tissue
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| Cells in the brain and spinal cord that do not reproduce after birth. | Nerve
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| Nerve tissue is made of special cells called | neurons
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| Classified as liquid connective tissue or vascular tissue. | Blood and lymph
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| Organs and other body parts joined together to perform a particular function are called | a system.
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| When cells divide by meiosis | the number of chromosomes is reduced to 23.
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| Have the ability to transform themselves into any of the body’s specialized cells. | Stem cells
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| Blood and lymph are classified as liquid connective tissue | called vascular tissue
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| The study of the processes of living organisms, or why and how they work, is called | physiology
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| The part of a cell that condenses to form chromosomes during cell reproduction is the | chromatin
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| A stack of membrane layers that produces, stores, and packages secretions for discharge from the cell is the | Golgi apparatus
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| The site for all chemical reactions that take place in the cell is the | cytoplasm
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| Pocketlike folds in the cell membrane that allow large molecules to enter the cell are | pinocytic vesicles
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| The area where ribosomes are manufactured in the cell is the | nucleolus
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| The structures that contain digestive enzymes to digest and destroy old cells are the | lysosomes
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| The four main groups of tissues are | nerve, connective, epithelial, and muscle
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| The tissue that produces power and movement in the body is | muscle
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| The tissue that lines the intestinal and respiratory tracts and forms body glands is | epithelial
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| The body system that includes the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi is the | respiratory system
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| The body system that carries some tissue fluid and wastes to the blood and assists with fighting infection is the | lymphatic system
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| The body system that protects the body from injury, infection, and dehydration is the | integumentary system
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| The body system that filters blood to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance in the body is the | urinary system
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| Study of form and structure of an organism | Anatomy
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| Basic unit of structure and function in all living things | Cell
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| Outer protective covering of a cell | Cell membrane
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| Also called the plasma membrane or plasmalemma | Cell membrane
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| Furnaces or powerhouses of the cell | Mitochondria
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| Located inside the nucleus and important in cell reproduction | Nucleolus
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| Controls many cell activities | Nucleus
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| Tissues joined together for a particular function | Organ
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| Pathophysiology | Study of how disease occurs
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| Take in food and oxygen, produce heat and energy, move and adapt to their environment, eliminate wastes, perform special functions, reproduce | Functions of cells
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| Stores fat as a food reserve, insulates the body, acts as padding | Functions of adipose tissue
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| Types of muscles | skeletal, cardiac, visceral (smooth)
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| integumentary, skeletal, muscular, circulatory, lymphatic, nervous, respiratory, digestive, urinary (excretory), endocrine, and reproductive | body systems.
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| Why is the use of stem cells to produce new specialized cells, which can replace a body’s damaged cells and cure a disease, creating a controversy? | stem cells are obtained from a 4- to 5-day-old embryo that is capable of creating a new life; right-to-life advocates are strongly opposed to this use of embryos.
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| When there is an excess amount of tissue fluid it is called | edema
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| Organelles located in the cytoplasm | nucleus, mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum
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| It can contain more than 1,000 mitochondria, depending on how much energy it requires | a cell
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| Bone is similar to cartilage but has calcium salts, nerves, and blood vessels; it is frequently called | osseous tissue
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| Lymph transports tissue fluid,proteins, fats, and other materials from the tissues to the | circulatory system
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| Pouchlike structures that are found throughout the cytoplasm and filled with a watery substance, stored food, or waste products are the | vacuoles
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| The site for all chemical reactions that take place in the cell is called the? | cytoplasm
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| Cells of the same type joined together for a common purpose | tissue
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| Study of how disease occurs | pathophysiology
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| Genetic testing involves the analysis of a person's | Genes
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| Gene therapy might be suggested as a last resort for treating someone with: | Cystic fibrosis
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| What words best describe the current use of gene therapy? | Experimental and expensive
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| The results of the Human Genome Project can be described as: | Gene mapping
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| What country completed the Human Genome Project? | It was an international effort
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| The goal of therapeutic cloning: | to harvest stem cells
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| Is a test tube baby the same as a clone? | it could be
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| Where in a healthy adult could you find stem cells? | bone marrow
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| Why do stem cells have so much potential in medical research: | they can become specialized cells in the body.
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| Can genetic testing tell for certain that a person will develop Alzheimer's disease? | No, because a person with the Alzheimer's gene may not develop the disease.
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