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Unit 7:1
Basic structure of the human body (updated)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Is composed of ordinary elements. | Protoplasm |
| Microscopic structures that carry on all of the functions of life. | Cells |
| Vary in shape and size and perform many different functions. | Cells |
| A semi-fluid inside the cell but outside the nucleus | Cytoplasm |
| A mass in the cytoplasm | Nucleus |
| Located in the cytoplasm and near the nucleus | centrosome |
| Gametes divide by a process known as | meiosis |
| An insufficient amount of tissue fluid results in | dehydration |
| A soft connective tissue includes | ligaments and tendons |
| Hard connective tissue includes | cartilage and bone. |
| Produces power and movement by contraction of muscle fibers | muscle tissue |
| Cells in the brain and spinal cord that do not reproduce after birth. | Nerve |
| Nerve tissue is made of special cells called | neurons |
| Classified as liquid connective tissue or vascular tissue. | Blood and lymph |
| Organs and other body parts joined together to perform a particular function are called | a system. |
| When cells divide by meiosis | the number of chromosomes is reduced to 23. |
| Have the ability to transform themselves into any of the body’s specialized cells. | Stem cells |
| Blood and lymph are classified as liquid connective tissue | called vascular tissue |
| The study of the processes of living organisms, or why and how they work, is called | physiology |
| The part of a cell that condenses to form chromosomes during cell reproduction is the | chromatin |
| A stack of membrane layers that produces, stores, and packages secretions for discharge from the cell is the | Golgi apparatus |
| The site for all chemical reactions that take place in the cell is the | cytoplasm |
| Pocketlike folds in the cell membrane that allow large molecules to enter the cell are | pinocytic vesicles |
| The area where ribosomes are manufactured in the cell is the | nucleolus |
| The structures that contain digestive enzymes to digest and destroy old cells are the | lysosomes |
| The four main groups of tissues are | nerve, connective, epithelial, and muscle |
| The tissue that produces power and movement in the body is | muscle |
| The tissue that lines the intestinal and respiratory tracts and forms body glands is | epithelial |
| The body system that includes the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi is the | respiratory system |
| The body system that carries some tissue fluid and wastes to the blood and assists with fighting infection is the | lymphatic system |
| The body system that protects the body from injury, infection, and dehydration is the | integumentary system |
| The body system that filters blood to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance in the body is the | urinary system |
| Study of form and structure of an organism | Anatomy |
| Basic unit of structure and function in all living things | Cell |
| Outer protective covering of a cell | Cell membrane |
| Also called the plasma membrane or plasmalemma | Cell membrane |
| Furnaces or powerhouses of the cell | Mitochondria |
| Located inside the nucleus and important in cell reproduction | Nucleolus |
| Controls many cell activities | Nucleus |
| Tissues joined together for a particular function | Organ |
| Pathophysiology | Study of how disease occurs |
| Take in food and oxygen, produce heat and energy, move and adapt to their environment, eliminate wastes, perform special functions, reproduce | Functions of cells |
| Stores fat as a food reserve, insulates the body, acts as padding | Functions of adipose tissue |
| Types of muscles | skeletal, cardiac, visceral (smooth) |
| integumentary, skeletal, muscular, circulatory, lymphatic, nervous, respiratory, digestive, urinary (excretory), endocrine, and reproductive | body systems. |
| Why is the use of stem cells to produce new specialized cells, which can replace a body’s damaged cells and cure a disease, creating a controversy? | stem cells are obtained from a 4- to 5-day-old embryo that is capable of creating a new life; right-to-life advocates are strongly opposed to this use of embryos. |
| When there is an excess amount of tissue fluid it is called | edema |
| Organelles located in the cytoplasm | nucleus, mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum |
| It can contain more than 1,000 mitochondria, depending on how much energy it requires | a cell |
| Bone is similar to cartilage but has calcium salts, nerves, and blood vessels; it is frequently called | osseous tissue |
| Lymph transports tissue fluid,proteins, fats, and other materials from the tissues to the | circulatory system |
| Pouchlike structures that are found throughout the cytoplasm and filled with a watery substance, stored food, or waste products are the | vacuoles |
| The site for all chemical reactions that take place in the cell is called the? | cytoplasm |
| Cells of the same type joined together for a common purpose | tissue |
| Study of how disease occurs | pathophysiology |
| Genetic testing involves the analysis of a person's | Genes |
| Gene therapy might be suggested as a last resort for treating someone with: | Cystic fibrosis |
| What words best describe the current use of gene therapy? | Experimental and expensive |
| The results of the Human Genome Project can be described as: | Gene mapping |
| What country completed the Human Genome Project? | It was an international effort |
| The goal of therapeutic cloning: | to harvest stem cells |
| Is a test tube baby the same as a clone? | it could be |
| Where in a healthy adult could you find stem cells? | bone marrow |
| Why do stem cells have so much potential in medical research: | they can become specialized cells in the body. |
| Can genetic testing tell for certain that a person will develop Alzheimer's disease? | No, because a person with the Alzheimer's gene may not develop the disease. |
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