Nutrition (updated)
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| Nutrition plays a large role in determining | strength, skeletal and muscular development, physical agility, resistance to disease, and mental ability.
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| Essential nutrients are composed of | chemical elements found in food.
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| Cholesterol is synthesized (manufactured) by the liver. True or False | True
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| Common sources of protein include meats, fish, eggs, cereals, peas, and nuts. True or False | True
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| Digestive juices containing enzymes are secreted in the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and pancreas. True or False | True
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| Many food habits are formed during youth, and changing them is a difficult and slow process. True or False | True
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| Therapeutic diets are modifications of the normal diet. True or False | True
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| Anorexia is a loss of appetite. True or False | True
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| Both clear and full liquid diets are nutritionally inadequate. True or False | True
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| Fat-restricted diets are used for patients with gallbladder or liver disease. True or False | True
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| Obesity is a form of malnutrition, due to excess food consumption. True or False | True
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| A condition in which bones become porous and break easily is ____. | osteoporosis
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| ____ includes all body processes relating to food. | Nutrition
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| The major source of human energy is ____. | carbohydrates
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| The essential nutrients made up of amino acids are ____. | proteins
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| Organic compounds essential to life are ____. | vitamins
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| How many glasses of water should the average person drink each day? | 6 to 8
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| The organ that produces bile to emulsify fats is the ____. | liver
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| The process in which blood capillaries pick up digested nutrients is ____. | absorption
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| The type of therapeutic diet that consists of easily digested foods that do not irritate the digestive tract is ____. | bland
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| The therapeutic diet that contains exchange lists that group foods according to type, nutrients, and caloric content is ____. | diabetic
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| The essential nutrients that provide nine calories per gram are ____. | fats
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| The religion that encourages a vegetarian diet is ____. | Seventh Day Adventism
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| Which of the following is not one of the three most common lipids found in both food and the human body? | cellulose
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| The therapeutic diet that limits raw fruits and vegetables, whole-grain breads and cereals, nuts, beans, and fried foods is ____. | low-residue diet
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| Vitamin B12 | Found in liver, milk, cheese, and eggs; important for production of healthy red blood cells
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| Thiamine | Promotes normal appetite and digestion, and normal function of the nervous system
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| Niacin | Found in meats, poultry, fish, and peanuts; promotes healthy skin, nerves, and digestive tract
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| Vitamin K | Found in spinach, kale, cabbage, and broccoli; essential for the normal clotting of blood and formation of prothrombin
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| Vitamin E | Found in peanuts, egg yolk, and dark, leafy greens; necessary for protection of cell structure; antioxidant to inhibit breakdown of vitamin A and some unsaturated fatty acids
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| Folic acid | Found in green, leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and yeast; important for protein metabolism, maturation of red blood cells, formation of hemoglobin, and synthesis of DNA
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| Vitamin D | One source is sunshine; aids in growth, regulates calcium and phosphorus absorption and metabolism, and builds and maintains bones and teeth
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| Riboflavin | Found in milk, enriched breads and cereals, and green, leafy vegetables; important for health of mouth tissue and eyes
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| Vitamin A | Found in liver, egg yolk, butter, and whole milk; important in structure and function of the cells of the skin and mucous membranes
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| Vitamin C | Found mainly in citrus fruits, melons, berries, and tomatoes; important for healthy gums, wound healing, and absorption of iron
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| Pyridoxine | Found in liver, poultry, fish, and enriched breads and cereals; important for protein synthesis and metabolism and production of antibodies
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| Sulfur | Found in meat, poultry, fish, and eggs; activates energy-producing enzymes and important for healthy skin, hair, and nails
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| Sodium | Main source is table salt; aids in fluid balance and acid-base balance, regulates muscles and nerves, and aids in glucose absorption
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| Fluorine or fluoride | Found in certain types of water, fish, seafood, and meat; important for healthy teeth and bones
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| Chlorine or chloride | Found in salt, meat, fish, poultry, milk, and eggs; important for acid-base balance and formation of hydrochloric acid
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| Calcium | Main sources are milk, milk products, and cheese; develops and maintains bones and teeth and aids in clotting of the blood
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| Iron | Found in liver and muscle meats; important for formation of hemoglobin in red blood cells and aids in production of energy
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| Magnesium | Found in meat, seafood, nuts, and cereal grains; constituent of bones, muscles, and red blood cells
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| Potassium | Found in meat, milk, vegetables, and bananas; maintains fluid balance, regular heart rhythm, and proper nerve function
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| Copper | Found in organ meats, nuts, and whole-grain cereals; necessary for utilization of iron and as a component of enzymes
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| Phosphorus | Found in milk, meat, nuts, and cereals; develops and maintains bones and teeth, aids in metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, and is a constituent of body cells
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| Iodine | Found in saltwater fish and some table salts; necessary for formation of hormones in the thyroid gland
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| Zinc | Found in seafood (especially oysters), eggs, and milk; component of enzymes and insulin and essential for growth and wound healing
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| Functions of fats. | provide heat and energy, provide fatty acids needed for growth and development, carry fat-soluble vitamins, maintain body temperature by providing insulation, cushion organs and bones, provide flavor to meals
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| Functions of Protein | build and repair body tissue, provide heat and energy, help produce antibodies, regulate body functions
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| Function of water in the body | essential for digestion, makes up most of the blood plasma and cytoplasm of cells, helps body tissues absorb nutrients, helps move waste material through the body, regulates body functions
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| milk, milk products, yogurt, and cheese: 2 to 3 servings; vegetables: 3 to 5 servings; fruits: 2 to 4 servings; bread, cereals, rice, and pasta: 6 to 11 servings; meat, fish, poultry, dry beans, eggs, and nuts: 2 to 3 servings | major food groups, and number of recommended servings per day.
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| Foods that should be avoided or limited in a sodium-restricted diet. | smoked meats or fish, processed foods, pickles, olives, sauerkraut, processed cheeses
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| Organic molecules that help protect the body from free radicals, substances that can damage tissues, cells, and genes is are called: | antioxidants
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| To manage weight, every individual should engage in at least ____ or more of moderate intensity physical activity most days of the week. | 30 minutes
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| What allows individuals to develop a customized food plan based on age, gender, height, weight, and level of activity? | My Plate
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| The rate at which the body uses energy just for maintaining its own tissue, without doing any voluntary work is called: | basal metabolic rate (BMI)
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| Obesity increases the risk of developing: | hypertension, sleep apnea and diabetes mellitus
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| What vitamin is found in enriched bread and cereals, liver, and potatoes and promotes normal appetite and digestion and normal function of the nervous system? | thiamine
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| What vitamin or mineral if found in organ meats and seafood and is important for metabolism of fat and acts as an anitoxidant? | selenium
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