Chapter 17 Bio
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| Briefly explain how information flows from gene to protein (the dogma of molecular biology) | The central dogma of molecular biology is the concept that cells are governed by a cellular chain of command: RNA is the intermediate between genes and the proteins for which they code
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| Explain what it means to say that the genetic code is redundant and unambiguous | The genetic code is redundant but not ambiguous; no codon specifies more than one amino acid
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| Include the following terms in a description of transcription: mRNA, | Translation is the synthesis of a polypeptide, which occurs under the direction of mRNA.
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| Include the following terms in a description of transcription:RNA polymerase | RNA synthesis is catalyzed by RNA polymerase, which pries the DNA strands apart and hooks together the RNA nucleotides
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| Include the following terms in a description of transcription: the promoter | The DNA sequence where RNA polymerase attaches is called the promoter
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| Include the following terms in a description of transcription: the terminator | The sequence signaling the end of transcription is called the terminator
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| Include the following terms in a description of transcription: the coding sequence | The stretch of DNA that is transcribed is called the coding region or coding sequence (abbreviated CDS)
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| Include the following terms in a description of transcription: exons and introns | These non-coding regions are called introns
The coding regions are called exons because they are eventually expressed, usually translated into amino acid sequences
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| Include the following terms in a description of translation: tRNA, ribosomes, codon, anticodon | Each tRNA carries a specific amino acid on one end. Each tRNA has an anti-codon on the other end; the anti-codon is complementary to the codon on mRNA.
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| Have an understanding of what in means to be “in frame” as well as frameshift, nonsense, missense and silent mutations | Silent mutations have no effect on the amino acid produced by a codon because of redundancy in the genetic code Missense mutations still code for an amino acid, but not necessarily the right amino acid
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| Have an understanding of what in means to be “in frame” as well as frameshift, nonsense, missense and silent mutations | Nonsense mutations change an amino acid codon into a a stop codon, nearly always leading to a nonfunctional protein
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
jesse112