Chapter 17 Bio Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
Briefly explain how information flows from gene to protein (the dogma of molecular biology)	The central dogma of molecular biology is the concept that cells are governed by a cellular chain of command: RNA is the intermediate between genes and the proteins for which they code
Explain what it means to say that the genetic code is redundant and unambiguous	The genetic code is redundant but not ambiguous; no codon specifies more than one amino acid
Include the following terms in a description of transcription: mRNA,	Translation is the synthesis of a polypeptide, which occurs under the direction of mRNA.
Include the following terms in a description of transcription:RNA polymerase	RNA synthesis is catalyzed by RNA polymerase, which pries the DNA strands apart and hooks together the RNA nucleotides
Include the following terms in a description of transcription: the promoter	The DNA sequence where RNA polymerase attaches is called the promoter
Include the following terms in a description of transcription: the terminator	The sequence signaling the end of transcription is called the terminator
Include the following terms in a description of transcription: the coding sequence	The stretch of DNA that is transcribed is called the coding region or coding sequence (abbreviated CDS)
Include the following terms in a description of transcription: exons and introns	These non-coding regions are called introns The coding regions are called exons because they are eventually expressed, usually translated into amino acid sequences
Include the following terms in a description of translation: tRNA, ribosomes, codon, anticodon	Each tRNA carries a specific amino acid on one end. Each tRNA has an anti-codon on the other end; the anti-codon is complementary to the codon on mRNA.
Have an understanding of what in means to be “in frame” as well as frameshift, nonsense, missense and silent mutations	Silent mutations have no effect on the amino acid produced by a codon because of redundancy in the genetic code Missense mutations still code for an amino acid, but not necessarily the right amino acid
Have an understanding of what in means to be “in frame” as well as frameshift, nonsense, missense and silent mutations	Nonsense mutations change an amino acid codon into a a stop codon, nearly always leading to a nonfunctional protein

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