Terminology of Mechanical properties
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| Relative inability of a material to deform plastically | Brittleness
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| Relative ability of a material to deform plastically under a tensile stress before it fractures | Ductility
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| Deformation that is recovered upon removal of an externally applied force or pressure | Elastic strain
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| Relative stiffness of a material; ratio of elastic stress to elastic strain | Elastic modulus (Modulus of elasticity or Young's modulus)
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| The critical stress intensity factor at the beginning of rapid crack propagation in a solid containing a crack of known shape and size | Fracture toughness
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| Resistance of a material to plastic deformation | Hardness
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| Maximum amount of plastic strain a tensile test specimen can sustain before it fractures (See Ductility) | Percent elongation
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| Deformation that is not recoverable when the externally applied force is removed | Plastic strain
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| Force per unit area acting on the external surface of a material | Pressure
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| Maximum stress at which stress is proportional to strain and above which plastic deformation occurs | Proportional limit
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| The relative amount of elastic energy per unit volume released on unloading of a test specimen | Resilience
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| Force per unit area within a structure subjected to an external force or pressure (See Pressure) | Stress
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| Area or point of significantly higher stress associated with a structural discontinuity such as a crack or pore or a marked change in dimension of a structure | Stress concentration
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| Change in length per unit initial length | Strain
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| Increase in strength and hardness and corresponding decrease in ductility of a metal that is caused by plastic deformation | Strain hardening (Work hardening)
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| Change in strain per unit time during loading of a structure | Strain rate
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| Maximum stress that a structure can withstand without sustaining a specific amount of plastic strain (___A___) or stress at the point of fracture (___B___) | Strength; A=yield strength; B=ultimate strength
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| Ability of a material to absorb elastic energy and to deform plastically before fracturing; measured as the total area under a plot of tensile stress vs. tensile strain | Toughness
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| The stress at which a test specimen exhibits a specific amount of plastic strain | Yield strength
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