Chapter questions-meds affecting immune system
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| Which of the following situations is administration of a tetanus diphtheria(Td) booster indicated? | Foot injury from stepping on a nail. Dog bite injury. Compound fracture. Last tetanus booster 12 yrs ago. (clean, incised, and scald injuries low risk for tetanus.)
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| What cautionary measures should be taken when immunizing individuals w/an MMR vaccine who have recently received a blood transfusion? | MMR should be postponed 3-6 months. Immune globulins contain antibodies against viruses in MMR that inhibit the immune response to the vaccine.
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| which of the following meds has the ability to cause immunosuppression? | Prednisone, Azathioprine, Cyclosporine, chemotherapy agts. It's important to take precautionary measures during therapy.
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| In which of the following situations is the administration of a dose of DTaP contraindicated? | severe febrile illness, hx of prior anaphylactic reaction to DTaP vaccination, occurrence of seizures w/in 3 days of previous vaccination, occurrence of encephalopathy 7days after admin of DTaP immunization.
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| Why is it preferable to give the varicella vaccine in childhood rather than in adulthood? | It protects children from getting the disease into adulthood. If adults get the disease it is likely to be severe.
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| What precautions should be taken for a clt who has just received a kidney transplant and is taking cyclosporine and phenytoin? | Medications that decrease cyclosporine levels are phenytoin, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, rifampin, terbinafine, & trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. These can reduce cyclosporine levels & can lead to organ rejection. Increase cyclosporine dosage as needed.
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| What measures need to be taken to reduce development of osteoporosis during steroid therapy? | Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine should be measured before starting therapy w/steroids. Glucocorticoids can be admin topically or by inhalation (less bone loss occurs). Several meds can be given to decrease bone loss.
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| Why is it important that children receiving the varicella vaccine avoid aspirin and salicylates for 6 weeks? | Due to the risk of developing Reye's syndrome. increases with concurrent use of salicylates.
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