Module D
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Core Temperature | Temperature of the deep tissues
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| Thermoregulation | physiological and behavioral mechanisms regulate the balance between lost heat and heat production
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| Hypothalamus | controls body temp
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| Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) | accounts for the heat producted by the body at absolute rest
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| Nonshivering thermogenesis | Primarily in neonates, b/c they have a limited amt of vascular brown tissue present at birth, which is metabolized for heat production
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| Shivering | an involuntary body response to the differences in the body, can increase heat production 4-5 times greater than normal
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| Radiation | Transfer of heat from the surface of one object to the surface of another without direct contact.
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| conduction | transfer of heat from one object to another with direct contact
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| convection | transfer of heat away by air movements
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| evaporation | transfer of heat energy when liquid is changed to gas, body loses 600-900 mL per day through evaporation
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| Diaphoresis | visible perspiration primarily occuring on the forehead and upper thorax
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| Pyrexia/fever | occurs b/c heat loss mechanisms are unable to keep pace with exxcess heat production
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| Pyrogens | Bacteria/viruses that elevate body temp
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| Febrile | with fever
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| afebrile | without fever
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| fever of unknown origin (FUO) | fever whose cause cannot be determined
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| Malignant hyperthermia | hereditary conditions of uncontrolled heat production, occuring when susceptible persons receive certain anestetic drugs
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| Hyperthermia | Elevated body temp related to the body's inability to promote heat loss or reduce heat production
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| Heat stroke | dangerous heat emergency with a high mortality rate
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| heat exhaustion | occurs when profuse diaphoresis results in excess water and electrolyte loss
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| Hypothermia | classifies by core temp measurements, low temp
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| Frostbite | occurs when body is exposed to subnormal temps
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| Celsius | C= (F/1.8) - 32
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| Fahrenheit | F=(C*1.8) + 32
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| Cardiac output | Product of HR and the SV, p 520-521
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| Radial pulse | used to teach pt to learn how to monitor their own heart rates
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| brachial pulse | use for infants and young children
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| apical pulse | use for infants and young children and if irregular heartbeat in adults
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| tachycardia | abnormally elevated HR, above 100 pbm
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| Bradycardia | Slow rate, below 60 bpm
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| Pulse deficit | Created by inefficient contractions of the heart that fail to transmit a pulse wave to the peripheral pulse site
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| Dysrhymia | Interval interrupted by an early or late beat or a missed beat indicates an abnormal rhythm, described as regularly irregular or irregularly irregular
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| Sinus dysrhythmia | In children, an irregular heartbeat that speeds up with inspiration and slows down with expiration
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| Pulse documentation | strong, weak, thready, or bounding
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| ventilation | movement of gases in and out of the lungs
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| diffusion | the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the red blood cells
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| Perfusion | the distribution of the red blood cells to and from the pulmonary capillaries
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| Eupnea | normal rate and depth of ventilation
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| Hyppoxemia | low levels of arterial 02, if arterial levels fall these receptors signal the brain to increase the rate and depth of ventilation.
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| Blood Pressure | force exerted on the walls of an artery by the pulsing blood pressure from the heart
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| Systolic pressure | The peak of max pressure when ejections occurs
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| Diastolic pressure | Ventricles relax and blood remaining in arteries exerts min pressure
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| Pulse pressure | Difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
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| Hematocrit | Percentage of red blood cells in the blood
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| Hypertension | Most common alteration in the blood pressure, high blood pressure
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| Orthostatic hypotnsion | Aka postural hypotension, occurs when a normotensive person develops syptoms and low blood pressure when rising to an upright position
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| Sphygmomanometer | Blood Pressure manometer, occlusive cloth or vinyl cuff that encloses inflatable rubber bladder, and a pressure bulb with a release valve that inflates the bladder
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| Auscultatory gap | When brachial artery pressure is heard while cuff pressure is high, then disappears when pressure is reduced, then reappear at lower level, p545
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| How do you obtain core temperature? | Point at which a person is aware of pain
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| Transduction | Energy of stimuli converted to electrical energy
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| Nociceptor | Sensory peripheral pain nerve fiber
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| Neurotransmitters | Surround the pain fibers in the extracellular fluid, spread pain message and cause inflammatory response
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| Pain threshold | point at which a person feels pain
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| acute pain | protective, has an identifiable cause, short duration, limited tissue damages and emotional response
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| chronic pain | lasts longer than anticipated; not always identifiable cause, leads to great personal suffering
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| pseudoaddiction | when a person with chronic noncancer pain appears to be drug seeking and is actually seeking pain relief
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| chronic episodic pain | sporadically over extended duration
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| cancer pain | not present in all cancer patients, sometimes nociceptive and or neuropathic, pt senses pain at the actual site of tumor or distant to the site (aka referred pain)
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| idiopathic pain | chronic pain in the absence of an identifiable physical or psychological cause or pain perceived as excessive for the extent of an organic pathological condition
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| ABCDE | Ask, Believe, Choose, Deliver, Empower
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| Nonpharmacological pain-relief interventions | distraction, prayer, relaxatoin, guided imagery, music, and biofeedback
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| cutaneous stimulation | stimulation of the skin with a mild electrical current passed though external electrodes
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| analgesics | most common and effective method of pain relief 3 types: nonopiods, opioids (aka narcotics), adjuvants.coanalgesics (enhance analgesics)
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| NSAIDS | nonsteroids anti-inflammatory drugs
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| PCA | patient controlled analgesic, drug delivery system that allows pt to self-administer opioids with miniman risk of overdose
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| Local anesthesia | local infiltration of an anesthesia of an anesthetic med to induce loss of sensation
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| regional anesthesia | injection of a local anesthetic to block a group of sensory nerve fibers
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| epidural analgesia | common for tx of acute postoperative pn. L&D pain, and chronic pain
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Created by:
Sarahmarie001
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