GI Disorders and Studies
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| musculo-membranous tube extending from the mouth to the anus, 30ft long | alimentary canal/digestive tract
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| what does the digestive tract/ alimentary canal consist of? | mouth, pharynx, esophagus, small intestine, large intestine, anus
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| coordinated, rhythmic, serial contraction of smooth muscle that forces food through the digestive tract, bile through the bile duct, and urine through the ureter | peristalsis
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| what are the accessory organ of the GI system? | teeth, tongue, salivary glands, live, gallbladder, pancreas
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| entrance to the digestive system, contains muscular appendage | mouth
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| involved in chewing, swallowing, formation of speech | tongue
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| tiny elevations on the surface of the tongue that contain taste buds | papillae
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| differentiate between sweet, sour, bitter, salty sensations | taste buds
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| mechanically shred and grind food | teeth
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| teeth used for biting and cutting | incisors
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| teeth for tearing and shredding | canines
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| teeth for mastication, crushing and grinding food | molars
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| three pairs of salivary glands? | parotid, submandibular, sublingual
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| what is 90% water and secreted in the mouth | saliva
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| how much saliva is secreted daily? | 1000ml to 1500ml
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| major enzyme responsible for the initiation of carbohydrate metabolism? | salivary amylase (ptyalin)
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| enzyme that destroys bacteria and protects the mucous membranes from infection and tooth decay? | lysozyme
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| muscular collapsible tube, 10in long, extends from mouth through esophageal hiatus to the stomach? | esophagus
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| what moves a bolus | peristalsis
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| located in LUQ, inferior to diaphragm | stomach
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| how much can the stomach hold? | 1L
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| entrance to the stomach | cardiac sphincter
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| exit to the stomach | pyloric sphincter
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| where does the digestion of protein begin? | the stomach
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| softens the connective tissue of meats, kills bacteria, activates pepsin | hydrochloric acid
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| released to protect the stomach lining | mucin
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| produced to allow the absorption of vitamin b12 | intinsic factor
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| food that has been broken down, viscous semiliquid substance | chyme
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| 20 foot long tube, 1in diameter | small intestine
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| beginning of the small intestine | pyloric sphincter
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| end of the small intestine | ilocecal valve
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| three major sections of the small intestine | duodenum, jejunum, ileum
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| where does 90% of digestion occur? | small intestine
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| what are intestinal juices composed of? | bile and pancreatic juices
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| comes from the liver and breaks molecules into smaller droplets, enables digestive juices to complete their process | bile
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| essential in breaking down proteins into their amino acids into their components, reducing dietary fats to glycerol and fatty acids, converting starches to simple sugars? | pancreatic juices
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| millions of tiny fingerlike projections clustered over the entire mucous surface of the small intestine, responsible for absorbing products of digestion into the blood stream | villi
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| lymph capillaries in the small intestines responsible for the absorption of metabolized fats | lacteals
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| tube 2in in diameter, 5 ft long | large intestine
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| what are the parts of the large intestine | cecum, apendix, ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colons, rectum, anus
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| four major functions of the large intestine | absorption, vitamin manufacture, feces formation, fecal expulsion
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| small wormlike tubular structure that dangles from the cecum | veriform appendix
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| changes chyme into fecal material by releasing the remaining nutrients, sythesis of Vitamin K, normal blood clotting and production of some B vitamins | bacteria in the large intestine
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| largest glandular organ in the body | liver
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| how many lobes does the liver have? | 2
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| where is the liver located? | mostly RUQ, some in left epigastrium
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| how much blood is deliver to the liver every minute | 1500ml
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| how is blood delivered to the liver | portal vein and hepatic artery
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| yellow brown or green liquid produced by the cells of the liver, necessary for the metabolism of fats | bile
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| how does bile travel to gallbladder? | hepatic ducts
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| how much bile does the liver release every day? | 500-1000ml
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| 3 to 4in long located on the right inferior surface of the liver, bile is stored here until needed for fat digestion | gallbladder
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| functions of the liver? | blood coagulation, manufacturing of cholesterol and albumin, filtering old red blood cells, detoxifying poisons
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| maintain normal blood volume | albumin
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| elongated gland that lies posterior to the stomach, has endocrine and exocrine duties | pancreas
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| how much pancreatic juice is produced daily | 1000-1500ml
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| what does pancreatic juice consist of? | protease, lipase, amylase
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| what pancreatic enzyme digests proteins? | protease (trypsin)
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| what pancreatic enzyme digests fats? | lipase (steapsin)
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| what pancreatic enzyme digests carbohydrates? | amylase (amylopsin)
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| a small orifice through which the gallbladder empties | papilla of Vater
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| an alkaline substance contained in the pancreas, neutralizes the hydrochloric acid in the gastric juices | sodium bicarbonate
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| what regulates food intake, stimulates the individual to eat, or to stop eating | hypothalamus
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