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68WM6 Phase II Ch45
GI Disorders and Studies
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| musculo-membranous tube extending from the mouth to the anus, 30ft long | alimentary canal/digestive tract |
| what does the digestive tract/ alimentary canal consist of? | mouth, pharynx, esophagus, small intestine, large intestine, anus |
| coordinated, rhythmic, serial contraction of smooth muscle that forces food through the digestive tract, bile through the bile duct, and urine through the ureter | peristalsis |
| what are the accessory organ of the GI system? | teeth, tongue, salivary glands, live, gallbladder, pancreas |
| entrance to the digestive system, contains muscular appendage | mouth |
| involved in chewing, swallowing, formation of speech | tongue |
| tiny elevations on the surface of the tongue that contain taste buds | papillae |
| differentiate between sweet, sour, bitter, salty sensations | taste buds |
| mechanically shred and grind food | teeth |
| teeth used for biting and cutting | incisors |
| teeth for tearing and shredding | canines |
| teeth for mastication, crushing and grinding food | molars |
| three pairs of salivary glands? | parotid, submandibular, sublingual |
| what is 90% water and secreted in the mouth | saliva |
| how much saliva is secreted daily? | 1000ml to 1500ml |
| major enzyme responsible for the initiation of carbohydrate metabolism? | salivary amylase (ptyalin) |
| enzyme that destroys bacteria and protects the mucous membranes from infection and tooth decay? | lysozyme |
| muscular collapsible tube, 10in long, extends from mouth through esophageal hiatus to the stomach? | esophagus |
| what moves a bolus | peristalsis |
| located in LUQ, inferior to diaphragm | stomach |
| how much can the stomach hold? | 1L |
| entrance to the stomach | cardiac sphincter |
| exit to the stomach | pyloric sphincter |
| where does the digestion of protein begin? | the stomach |
| softens the connective tissue of meats, kills bacteria, activates pepsin | hydrochloric acid |
| released to protect the stomach lining | mucin |
| produced to allow the absorption of vitamin b12 | intinsic factor |
| food that has been broken down, viscous semiliquid substance | chyme |
| 20 foot long tube, 1in diameter | small intestine |
| beginning of the small intestine | pyloric sphincter |
| end of the small intestine | ilocecal valve |
| three major sections of the small intestine | duodenum, jejunum, ileum |
| where does 90% of digestion occur? | small intestine |
| what are intestinal juices composed of? | bile and pancreatic juices |
| comes from the liver and breaks molecules into smaller droplets, enables digestive juices to complete their process | bile |
| essential in breaking down proteins into their amino acids into their components, reducing dietary fats to glycerol and fatty acids, converting starches to simple sugars? | pancreatic juices |
| millions of tiny fingerlike projections clustered over the entire mucous surface of the small intestine, responsible for absorbing products of digestion into the blood stream | villi |
| lymph capillaries in the small intestines responsible for the absorption of metabolized fats | lacteals |
| tube 2in in diameter, 5 ft long | large intestine |
| what are the parts of the large intestine | cecum, apendix, ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colons, rectum, anus |
| four major functions of the large intestine | absorption, vitamin manufacture, feces formation, fecal expulsion |
| small wormlike tubular structure that dangles from the cecum | veriform appendix |
| changes chyme into fecal material by releasing the remaining nutrients, sythesis of Vitamin K, normal blood clotting and production of some B vitamins | bacteria in the large intestine |
| largest glandular organ in the body | liver |
| how many lobes does the liver have? | 2 |
| where is the liver located? | mostly RUQ, some in left epigastrium |
| how much blood is deliver to the liver every minute | 1500ml |
| how is blood delivered to the liver | portal vein and hepatic artery |
| yellow brown or green liquid produced by the cells of the liver, necessary for the metabolism of fats | bile |
| how does bile travel to gallbladder? | hepatic ducts |
| how much bile does the liver release every day? | 500-1000ml |
| 3 to 4in long located on the right inferior surface of the liver, bile is stored here until needed for fat digestion | gallbladder |
| functions of the liver? | blood coagulation, manufacturing of cholesterol and albumin, filtering old red blood cells, detoxifying poisons |
| maintain normal blood volume | albumin |
| elongated gland that lies posterior to the stomach, has endocrine and exocrine duties | pancreas |
| how much pancreatic juice is produced daily | 1000-1500ml |
| what does pancreatic juice consist of? | protease, lipase, amylase |
| what pancreatic enzyme digests proteins? | protease (trypsin) |
| what pancreatic enzyme digests fats? | lipase (steapsin) |
| what pancreatic enzyme digests carbohydrates? | amylase (amylopsin) |
| a small orifice through which the gallbladder empties | papilla of Vater |
| an alkaline substance contained in the pancreas, neutralizes the hydrochloric acid in the gastric juices | sodium bicarbonate |
| what regulates food intake, stimulates the individual to eat, or to stop eating | hypothalamus |
Created by:
ahughes0919
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