Microbiology
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| Ocular | Part of microscope you look through
10X
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| Objective | Lense closest to the specimen
10X, 40X, 60X, and 100X
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| Rubber Rim | Part of revolving mouthpiece that you grasp and turn
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| Head | Contains the oculars
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| Arm | Part of microscope that you grasp when moving the microscope
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| Condenser | Series of lenses that gather and direct light onto the specimen
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| Diaphragm Lever | Opens and closes the diaphragm and regulates how much light leaves the condenser
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| Dimmer | Light intensity knob
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| Focusing knob | Course focus-10X
Fine focus-all powers
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| Diatoms | Unicellular algae found in water, makes a two part silicon shell
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| Euglena |
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| Aspergillus sp. |
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| Penicillium sp. |
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| Rhizopus sp. | =
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| Saccharomyces sp. | =
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| Trichinella spiralis | =
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| Trypanosoma gambiense | =
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| Volvox | =
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| Trichomonas vaginalis | =
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| Tobacco mosaic virus | =
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| Magnification | increasing the viewing area
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| Total magnification | Ocular * magnification
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| Resolution | Ability to see detail
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| Resolving Power | Rp=(wavelength * .5)/numerical aperature
measured in nanometers, smaller the better
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| Wavelength | Distance between tops of light waves, measured in nanometers
White-550; Green-450; Blue-425
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| Numerical Aperature | Width of cone of light that may enter the lens. The light gathering power of lens
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| Parfocal | Ability to keep a specimen which is in focus at one power to be approximately in focus at the next power
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| Parcentral | Ability to keep specimen in the center of field even when changing powers
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| Condenser | "Gathers" or "condenses" the light
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| Coccus | Round
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| Bacillus | Rod
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| Spiral | Spiral: vibrio, spirillum, spirochete
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| Capsule | Outercoating around bacteria, and don't stain well
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| Endospore | Creates extra copy of DNA. Attaches to surfaces or for protection from phagocytosis
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| Streptococcus | Chain
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| Staphylococcus | Clusters
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| Escherichia coli | =
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| What is the purpose of the dispersion oil? | Decrease amount of light refraction, increases amount of light that enters, and overall increases resolution
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| Rhodospirillum rubrum | red color to it
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| Saccharomyces cerevisiae | yeast
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| Staphylococcus epidermidis | =
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| Brownian motion | Bacteria appear to be jiggling in place because of small water molecules pushing them around
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| Taxis | Direct movement of bacteria
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| Wet Mount | Useful in viewing live organisms and see whether they are moving
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| What happens to media if its too hot? | Excess condensation, or plate will melt
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| What happens to media if its too cold? | It is too lumpy or won't pour
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| Liquid Media | "Broth" good for growing in bulk amounts, however contaminants often difficult to see
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| Solid Media | Used to separate and visualize colonies
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| Deeps | Take advantage of different oxygen levels
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| Slants | Provide more surface area and useful for storing media in small areas
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| Agar | Solidifying agents and few organisms can break it down
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| Agar Temps | Liquid-approximately 40 C
Solid < 40 C
Water Bath- 50 C
Poured-45 C to prevent condensation
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| Chemically defined media | Each ingredient is a single "pure" chemical and amounts are known accurately
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| Complex media | Organic Compounds, provide source of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorous, Sulfur, and Nitrogen. Peptones, beef extract, yeast extract, and tryptones
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| Labeling plates | Name, Date, Incubation temp, Incubation time, type of media, type of sample, bacterial name, and station #
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| Mycobacterium gordonae | =
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| Staphylococcus aureus | =
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| Streptococcus pygenes | =
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| Bacillus subtilis | =
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| Escherichia coli | =
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| Micrococcus luteus | =
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| Serratia marcescens | =
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| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | =
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| Salmonella typhimurium | =
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| Proteus vulgaris | =
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| Staphylococcus epidermidis | =
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| Colony Size | Pinpoint, Small, Medium, Large
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| Colony Shape | Circular, Irregular, Rhizoid
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| Margin | Entire, Lobate, Erose
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| Elevation | Flat, Raised, Convex, Umbonate
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| Opaque | Can't see through it
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| Transparent | Can see through it
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| Translucent | Can partially see through it
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| Turbid | Insensitive to oxygen levels-grows throughout tube
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| Pellicle | Floating mass or ring of growth at surface of broth
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| Sediment | Inhibited by oxygen and will grow at the bottom of tube
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| Resident population | The permanent association of organisms to one another
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| Transient population | The temporary association of organisms to one another
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| Aseptic Technique | Procedure used to prevent the contamination of samples
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| Resident Organisms | Most organisms have other organisms living on them. Part of the normal flora
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| Transient Organisms | Organisms that can be picked up by hosts
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| Streaking for isolation | Technique used to separate bacteria from one other to see colonies
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| Pure Culture | laboratory culture containing a single species of organisms
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| Gram Stain Ingredients | Crystal Violet-primary stain
Iodine (grams)-mordant:forms complex with Crystal violet
Decolorizer-Acetone/alcohol
Safranin-counterstain
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| Schaeffer-Fulton Endospore Stain Ingredients | Malachite Green, Safranin
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| Bacteria in endospore staining experiment | Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium
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| Ziehl-Neelson Acid-Fast Stain Ingredients | Carbolfucshin, Acid-Fast decolorizer, Methylene Blue,
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| Bacteria in Acid-Fast staining experiment | Staphylococcus epidermidis, Nocardia, Mycobacteria-pink
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| Capsule Stain Ingredients | Crystal Violet and water
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| Gram Positive | Purple
Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis
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| Gram Negative | Pink
Neiserria sicca and Escherichia coli
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| Acid Fast | Pink
Mycobacterium-pink
Staphylococcus epidermidis-green
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| Why are plates incubated upside down? | Allows you to read the bottom of plate, and condensation collects in the top of plate
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| Why would a gram positive look negative? | Heat too long, age of bacteria, or decolorized too long or not enough
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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